“典型”在现代中国的百年旅行——外来理论本土化的范例  

A Century-Long Travel of the Concept of“Type”in Modern China:An Example of the Localization of a Foreign Theory

作　　者：王一川[1] Wang Yichuan

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文艺学研究中心,北京100875

出　　处：《中国文学批评》2021年第4期4-14,155,共12页Chinese Journal of Literary Criticism

基　　金：2018年度国家社会科学基金艺术学重大项目“文艺发展史与文艺高峰研究”(18ZD02)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：现代西方文论的“典型”观念从“五四”时期起逐渐传入中国,先后经历转型期、构型期、定型期、变型期及再构型期等五个时段,至今正好百年,已成为中国主流文艺理论和批评体系的核心范畴之一。典型在现代中国兴盛的原因,一是出于把握以鲁迅为代表的新形象创作的迫切需要;二是典型这一富有理论威力的西方理论的及时输入;同时,中国古代小说评点中的“性格”等相关理论传统为中国现代作家倾心接受西方典型理论提供了本土传统的无意识基础。对典型理论在我国文论界的百年旅行进行反思,有助于对当代中国文论及其对古典传统的传承作新的建设。通向未来的中国现代文学理论,或许可以在中国式“性格”等相关理论传统与西方典型理论的对话及交融中寻求新的可能性。The concept of “type” (Dianxing)in modern Western literary theory has been introduced into China since the May Fourth period.It has gone through five stages of development,namely,periods of transition,formation,finalization,variation and re-construction.It has become one of the core categories of China’s mainstream literary theory and criticism system.The flourishing of the concept of“type”in modern China was because of,first,an urgent need to grasp the creation of new types of characters,represented by those in Lu Xun’s works;and second,the timely importation of the powerful Western theory of“type.”At the same time,“character”(xingge)and other related theories in classical Chinese fiction criticism provided an unconscious foundation for modern Chinese writers to accept the Western theory of type.

关 键 词：典型理论 百年旅行 外来理论本土化 古典“性格”理论 

分 类 号：I0[文学—文学理论]