饲料中添加脱氧胆酸钠对大口黑鲈生长、糖代谢及肠道菌群的影响  

Effects of dietary sodium deoxycholate on the growth,glucose metabolism and intestinal microbiota of largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)

作　　者：周楠楠 丁斐斐 张乐 乔芳[1] 杜震宇[1] 张美玲[1] ZHOU Nannan;DING Feifei;ZHANG Le;QIAO Fang;DU Zhenyu;ZHANG Meiling(Lab of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environment Health,College of Life Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生命科学学院,水生动物营养与环境健康实验室,上海200241

出　　处：《水产学报》2021年第10期1740-1752,共13页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31972798)。

摘　　要：为了评估脱氧胆酸钠作为大口黑鲈饲料添加剂的作用效果,实验配制了脱氧胆酸钠添加量分别为0(对照组)和300 mg/kg的2种实验饲料,饲养初始体质量为(10.80±0.12)g的大口黑鲈8周后,分析了脱氧胆酸钠对大口黑鲈生长、代谢以及肠道菌群的影响。结果显示,脱氧胆酸钠显著增加了大口黑鲈的终末体质量、体长和肥满度(CF),而对脏体比(VSI)、肝体比(HSI)、全鱼的总脂肪和粗蛋白含量无显著影响;脱氧胆酸钠显著增加了肝脏和肌肉中糖异生相关基因的表达,同时脱氧胆酸钠通过增加肌肉中糖原合成酶(GCS)的活性显著增加了肌肉中糖原的含量,而对肝脏中的糖原含量则无显著影响。此外,脱氧胆酸钠显著增加了胆囊中胆汁酸的含量,结果发现,脱氧胆酸钠主要通过下调肝脏中胆汁酸受体基因(fxr)的表达,以及上调胆固醇合成酶7α-羟化酶基因(cyp7a1)的表达,促进胆汁酸的合成。大口黑鲈摄食含脱氧胆酸钠的饲料后,肠道中厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的微生物丰度下降,放线菌门的丰度升高。研究表明,脱氧胆酸钠作为饲料添加剂可以促进大口黑鲈的生长、肌糖原的积累以及胆汁酸合成的增加,并会对肠道菌群组成产生影响。因此,脱氧胆酸钠可以作为大口黑鲈的一种饲料添加剂,研究成果将为进一步扩展胆汁酸盐在水产养殖中的应用提供重要的理论基础。Bile acids play an important role in glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,and they can also help to maintain the liver health and intestinal homeostasis in animals.In recent years,bile acids have been widely used as new additives in aquatic feeds.However,so far,most of the bile acid products used in aquaculture are mixed bile acids.There are many different kinds of bile acids,and different bile acids have different effects on the growth and metabolism of fish.Therefore,it is necessary to evaluate the effects of different bile acids on fish growth and metabolism to select the appropriate type of bile acids for precise nutritional regulation.This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of sodium deoxycholate as a feed additive on Micropterus salmoides.Two experimental diets were formulated to contain different sodium deoxycholate levels of 0,and 300 mg/kg referred to as CON and SD,respectively.The effects of sodium deoxycholate on the growth condition,metabolic characteristics and intestinal microbiota were analyzed.M.salmoides(10.80±0.12)g were cultured for 8 weeks.The results showed that sodium deoxycholate significantly increased the final body weight[(37.24±0.64)g in the control group and(46.87±1.44)g in the sodium deoxycholate group].The body length was(12.42±0.12)cm in the control group and(13.07±0.14)cm in sodium deoxycholate group.The condition factor(CF)was(1.95±0.06)g/cm;in the control group and(2.09±0.03)g/cm;in the sodium deoxycholate group,but there was no significant difference in viscera index(VSI)or hepatosomatic index(HSI).Sodium deoxycholate had no effect on the total lipid and crude protein of whole fish.Sodium deoxycholate significant increased the expression level of gluconeogenesis-related and glycolysis-related genes in liver and muscle,and the sodium deoxycholate promoted the glycogen accumulation in muscle[(0.31±0.03)mg/g in control group and(0.46±0.03)mg/g in sodium deoxycholate group]by increasing the activity of glycogen synthase,but there was no significant difference in

关 键 词：大口黑鲈 脱氧胆酸钠 肌糖原 胆汁酸 肠道菌群 

分 类 号：S963.73[农业科学—水产养殖]