有机肥部分替代化肥对露地茄生长及品质的影响  

Effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer on growth and quality of Solanum melongena in open field

作　　者：吴金栋 何勇[1] 朱祝军[1] WU Jindong;HE Yong;ZHU Zhujun(Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient Green Production in Mountainous Agriculture of Zhejiang Province,College of Horticulture Science,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学园艺科学学院浙江省山区农业高效绿色生产协同创新中心,浙江杭州311300

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2021年第6期1195-1202,共8页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201209);浙江省重点研发计划项目(2019C02012)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨有机肥替代化肥在茄Solanum melongena生产中的作用。【方法】以单施化肥为对照(ck),设置有机肥替代基肥中50%化肥氮(T_(1))和有机肥替代基肥中100%化肥氮(T_(2))2个处理,测定分析不同处理对露地茄产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响。【结果】相比ck,处理组土壤pH显著升高(P<0.05),土壤速效钾、有机质、微生物碳氮质量分数均显著增加(P<0.05);单果质量和单株结果数均显著提高(P<0.05),产量增加了13.8%~22.3%,其中T_(1)产量最大,为70099.5 kg·hm^(-2);处理组茄果皮花青素质量分数显著增加(P<0.05),茄外表皮紫红颜色更深;果实中镁和硫质量分数显著增加(P<0.05),可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和维生素C质量分数和氨基酸质量摩尔浓度均有不同程度提高,其中T_(1)综合效果更优。【结论】选择有机肥替代基肥中50%的化肥可以有效地提高露地茄产量,改良品质,并改善土壤肥力。表9参40。[Objective] This study aims to explore the effects of partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer in the production of Solanum melongena. [Method] Taking chemical fertilizer as control(ck),50% substitution of base nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer(T_(1)) and 100% substitution of base nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer(T_(2)) were set up as two treatments. The effects of different treatments on S.melongena yield, quality and soil fertility were studied in open field. [Result] Compared with ck, soil pH,soil available potassium, organic matter, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content increased significantly in both treatments(P<0.05). The fruit weight and fruit number per plant increased significantly(P<0.05),which led to the increase in yield by 13.8%-22.3%, and the yield of T_(1) was highest, which was 70 099.5 kg·hm^(-2).The anthocyanin mass fraction of S.melongena pericarp increased significantly in both treatments(P<0.05), and thus deepened the fruit color. The mass fraction of magnesium and sulfur in fruits increased significantly(P<0.05), and that of soluble sugars, soluble protein and vitamin C and the molar concentration of amino acid increased in varying degrees, and the comprehensive effect of T_(1) was better. [Conclusion] Replacing 50% of the base fertilizer with organic fertilizer can effectively improve S. melongena yield, quality and soil fertility. [Ch, 9 tab. 40 ref.] 。

关 键 词：施肥 茄 花青素 营养元素 氨基酸 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S641.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]