长江宜昌至武汉段岸线1 km近二十年土地利用及景观格局时空变化研究  

STUDY ON SPATIAL-TEMPORAL CHANGES OF LANDSCAPE PATTERN OF LAND USE IN YICHANG-WUHAN SECTION OF THE YANGTZE RIVER IN RECENT 20 YEARS

作　　者：易斯倚 李前正 武俊梅[1] 徐栋[1] 吴振斌[1] 周巧红[1] YI Si-Yi;LI Qian-Zheng;WU Jun-Mei;XU Dong;WU Zhen-Bin;ZHOU Qiao-Hong(State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态和生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2021年第6期1308-1315,共8页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类;XDA23040401);淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室项目(2019FBZ03);湖北省技术创新专项重大项目(2019ACA151)资助。

摘　　要：长江拥有中国最长、开发条件最好的内陆岸线,岸线资源的存量大且开发潜力高。了解岸线资源的利用现状,为保障岸线资源开发、生态环境保护提供科学依据。研究以2000、2005、2010、2015和2019年土地利用为数据源,分析长江宜昌至武汉段岸线1 km区域不同时期土地利用类型面积与景观格局指数。研究结果表明,2000-2019年,研究区域土地利用主要以农田和建筑用地为主,变化的明显特点是农田面积在2019年较2000年下降了9.39%,建筑用地和草地/林地面积扩张,其中农田-建筑用地的转化较为剧烈。研究区域湿地资源丰富,湿地总面积占比均在70%以上,人工湿地占总湿地面积比均在92%以上。从斑块类型水平上看,各用地类型斑块数量增长明显,均发生了不同程度的景观破碎化现象;其中草地/林面积虽增加了35.63 km^(2),但斑块数量从0.114万个增加到0.618万个,景观形状指数由34.92增加到95.19,景观聚集度指数下降了10.82%,其斑块趋向破碎化、形状不规则化,这会阻碍种群间的基因交流、改变物种生存的生物地理环境,减少生物物种多样性,结构趋向紧凑对某些干扰的蔓延如虫灾、火灾等的抑制作用减弱。在景观类型层级,斑块数量由1.24万个增加到2.34万个,香农多样性指数增加了0.14,蔓延度指数下降了8.48%,整个研究区域景观的破碎化现象加剧,区域原本优势的斑块类型破裂,优势度差距逐渐缩小,且空间的连通性降低,空间优势减弱。文章定量揭示了长江宜昌至武汉岸线土地利用景观格局时空变化特征,可为该区域景观格局的进一步优化提供依据。To understand the utilization status of shoreline resources and provide scientific basis for ensuring the development of shoreline resources and ecological environment protection,this study analyzed the land use type area and landscape pattern index in different periods in the 1 km area along the shoreline of Yichang-Wuhan section of the Yangtze River using Taking land use in 2000,2005,2010,2015 and 2019 as data sources.The results showed that the land use types were mainly farmland and building land from 2000 to 2019.The obvious features of the change included 9.39%decrease in farmland area in 2019 compared to 2000,expanded building land and forestland,and the more intense transformation between farmland and building land.The study area was rich in wetland resources,with the total wetland area accounting for over 70%,and the constructed wetland accounting for over 92% of the total wetland area.In the class level,the patch number in each land type increased obviously,and landscape fragmentation occurred in different degrees.The forest land area increased by 35.63 km^(2),but the patches number increased from 0.114 million to 0.618 million,the landscape shape index increased from 34.92 to 95.19,and the landscape aggregation index decreased by 10.82%.The patches tend to be fragmented and irregular in shape,which will hinder gene exchange among populations,change the biogeographic environment for species survival,and reduce the diversity of biological species.The compact structure will weaken the inhibition of some disturbances such as insect disasters and fires.In the landscape level,the patches number increased from 1.24 million to 2.34 million,Shannon diversity index increased by 0.14,and contag index decreased by 8.48%.The fragmentation of landscape in the whole study area has intensified.The original dominant patch types in the region were broken,the dominance gap has gradually narrowed,the spatial connectivity has decreased,and the spatial advantage has weakened.This study provides a basis for optimizing the la

关 键 词：长江宜昌至武汉段 岸线1 km 湿地 景观格局 景观指数 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]