轮作模式及秸秆还田对水稻产量、稻米品质及土壤肥力的影响  

Rice yield,quality,and soil fertility in response to straw incorporation and rotation pattern

作　　者：吴玉红[1] 王吕 崔月贞 郝兴顺 王保军[1] 田霄鸿[2] 李小刚[1] 秦宇航[1] WU Yu-hong;WANG Lü;CUI Yue-zhen;HAO Xing-shun;WANG Bao-jun;TIAN Xiao-hong;LI Xiao-gang;QIN Yu-hang(Hanzhong Agricultural Research Institute,Shaanxi 723000,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 721000,China)

机构地区：[1]汉中市农业科学研究所,陕西汉中723000 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌721000

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2021年第11期1926-1937,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2019ZDLNY01-05-01);陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟项目(LM202001)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同水旱轮作模式下秸秆还田对水稻产量、土壤养分和稻米品质的影响,为多元化轮作模式秸秆还田和水稻提质丰产提供科学依据。【方法】田间试验于2018—2020年在陕西省汉中市农业科学研究所韩塘试验基地进行。试验包含轮作模式和秸秆还田2个处理因素,采用随机区组设计,共设油菜–水稻(R–R)、绿肥(紫云英)–水稻(G–R)、冬闲–水稻(W–R)3种轮作模式,每种轮作模式设秸秆不还田和秸秆还田,共6个处理。水稻收获后,测定了水稻产量和产量构成因素,以及0—20 cm土壤养分含量。【结果】轮作模式和秸秆还田对土壤养分影响显著,轮作模式的培肥效果表现为R–R>W–R>G–R。同一轮作模式下,与秸秆不还田相比,秸秆还田处理的土壤活性有机碳、有机碳、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量两年平均增幅分别为4.09%~18.89%、6.84%~24.06%、9.63%~17.43%、9.10%~41.05%、3.72%~17.36%。轮作模式对供试品种穗粒数影响显著,秸秆还田则对穗粒数和有效穗影响显著。轮作模式对水稻产量影响显著,而秸秆还田对产量无显著影响。R–R模式下‘荃香优1521’产量分别较G–R和W–R增产1.71%和8.95%,‘黄华占’产量分别较G–R和W–R增产5.51%和6.41%。轮作模式对稻米外观品质影响不显著,对整精米率、蛋白质、直链淀粉含量和食味值影响显著。G–R模式较R–R和W–R显著增加蛋白质含量,降低直链淀粉含量,增加胶稠度,平均增幅分别为11.01%、−2.56%、4.69%。与秸秆不还田相比,秸秆还田显著增加了整精米率和食味值,增幅分别为0.48%~3.12%和0.45%~4.79%。【结论】油菜–水稻、绿肥(紫云英)–水稻、冬闲–水稻3种模式下,周年秸秆全量还田可以提高土壤肥力,增加水稻穗粒数和有效穗,提高水稻产量,改善稻米外观品质和加工品质、提高营养品质和蒸食品质。绿肥(紫云英)–水稻轮作改善稻�【Objectives】We compared the change in rice yield,quality,and soil fertility under three conventional rice-rotation patterns to set up a green cultivation mode in the study area.【Methods】Field experiments were conducted for two years consecutively in the Han Tang experimental base of Hanzhong Institute of Agricultural Science from 2018 to 2020.Indica hybrid rice cultivar‘Quanxiangyou 1521’was used as test material in 2019 and conventional indica rice cultivar'Huanghuazhan'in 2020.There were six crop rotation patterns and straw incorporation treatments:rape-rice rotation(R–R)with or without straw incorporation,Astragalus sinicus-rice rotation(G-R)with the incorporation of A.sinicus straw only,with the incorporation of A.sinicus and rice straws,winter fallow-rice rotation(F-R)with or without rice straw incorporation.After rice harvest,soil samples in 0-20 cm soil layer were collected to determine the soil nutrient contents,rice yield,yield components,and rice quality.【Results】Compared with the no straw incorporation treatment,returning straw to the soil(P<0.05)increased active organic carbon by 4.09%-18.89%,organic carbon by 6.84%-24.06%,available N by 9.63%-17.43%,available P by 9.10%-41.05%,and readily available K by 3.72%-17.36%.Rotation patterns improved soil fertility in the order R-R>W-R>G-R.Rotation mode had a(P<0.05)effect on grain number per spike.Returning straw to the soil(P<0.05)affected grain number per spike and the effective panicle of rice.Compared to G-R and W-R,R-R treatment(P<0.05)increased the rice yield of‘Quanxiangyou 1521’by 1.71%,8.95%and‘Huanghuazhan’by 5.51%,6.41%,respectively.Rotation patterns did not affect rice appearance quality.However,it affected head rice rate,rice taste,protein,and amylose content.G-R treatment(P<0.05)increased the protein content and gel consistency by 11.01%and 4.69%and decreased amylose content by 2.56%,compared to R-R and W-R.Returning straw to the soil increased rice heading rate by 0.48%-3.12%and taste value by 0.45%-4.79%.【Conclusi

关 键 词：水旱轮作 籼稻 紫云英 秸秆全量还田 土壤肥力 稻米品质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S158