论“诙谐书生”形象的生成、传播与文化构因  

On the Formation,Dissemination and Cultural Causes of the Image of“Humorous Literati”

作　　者：潘超青 PAN Chaoqing(Chinese International Education College,Overseas Education College,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学国际中文教育学院,海外教育学院,厦门361005

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第6期81-89,共9页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助项目“‘笑’的文化生成:宋元民间诙谐文化的戏曲传播路径研究”(18JHQ034);2021年中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“中国诙谐文化研究”(ZK1124)。

摘　　要：民间文艺中的文人形象常庄谐并重,且谐胜于庄。从宋杂剧的"酸"剧、"哮"剧,到元杂剧中的"风魔书生",再到明清小说笔记中各类"酸腐文人",诙谐书生形象一脉相承。此类形象最初只是缘于某个文人的滑稽个性,在唐代民间文艺中突破了现实形象的限定,被赋予诙谐、滑稽的艺术性格,至宋金时期确立了形象类型。单元化的短剧形态推动杂剧的诙谐片段和戏剧方式融入其他民间文艺类型中,形成了一个借助口传戏剧向书面文学发展的传播路径。这一形象的生成体现了人们对喜乐生活和精神愉悦的追求,也折射出民间文艺创作功能性与形象类型化相碰撞所产生的艺术创造力,由民间文化进入文人书写的过程中不断提升形象品格,成为兼具审美意趣和文化价值的形象类型。The image of literati in folk literature and art is often solemn and humorous and mostly humor outstrips solemnity.From the"sour"drama and"roaring"drama of the Song Zaju,to the"Fengmo literati"in Yuan Zaju,and then to all kinds of"funny literati"in the novel notes of Ming and Qing Dynasties,the images of humorous literati come down in one continuous line.At first,this kind of image was only due to the funny personality of a particular scholar.Breaking through the limitation of realistic image in the folk literature and art of the Tang Dynasty,the image was endowed with humorous and funny artistic character,and was established as the specific image type in the Song and Jin Dynasties.The unitary short-play form promotes the humorous fragments and dramatic methods of Zaju into other types of folk literature and art,forming a communication path from oral drama to written literature.The formation of this image not only reflects people’s pursuit of a happy life and spiritual pleasure,but also reflects the artistic creativity generated by the collision between the functionality of folk literary and artistic creation and image typology.In the process of entering literati writing from folk culture,it has constantly improved the image character and has become an image type with both aesthetic interest and cultural value.

关 键 词：民间文艺 诙谐书生 文人形象 滑稽 杂剧 早期戏剧 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]