我国老年人成功老龄化现状与死亡风险关系研究  

The states of successful aging and the risk of death among the elderly in China

作　　者：张鑫鑫 佟岩 英玉波 郑建中[1] ZHANG Xin-xin;TONG Yan;YING Yu-bo;ZHENG Jian-zhong(Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030001,China)

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学,山西太原030001

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2021年第23期4335-4339,4348,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的调查我国老年人成功老龄化的现状,并检验不同性别老年人成功老龄化及其各组成部分对死亡率的影响。方法数据来源为2014—2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, CLHLS)数据,利用卡方检验对6 539例老年人进行组间分析,进一步采取Cox比例风险回归模型探讨不同性别老年人成功老龄化与死亡的关系及其差异。结果本次研究发现我国老年人成功老龄化率为10.55%,男性(15.12%)高于女性(6.43%);无论男女,未成功老龄化组的老年人的死亡风险均高于成功老龄化组(男性HR=2.154,95%CI:1.595~2.908;女性HR=3.099,95%CI:1.746~5.501)。多因素分析显示未成功老龄化、低认知能力、有功能损失、低身体功能和抑郁是导致老年人不良生存结局的独立危险因素,不积极参与社会的男性死亡风险更高。结论我国老年人成功老龄化率较低且存在性别差异,成功老龄化组的死亡率显著低于未成功老龄化组;相比男性,女性成功老龄化与死亡的关系更加显著,尤其要针对不同性别老年人在成功老龄化各维度之间存在的差异进行个性化的干预。Objective To understand the current status of successful aging of the elderly in China and to test the gender differences in the impact of successful aging and its components on mortality risk. Methods The data was collected from 2014 to 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS). The chi-square test was used to analyze 6 539 elderly patients between groups, and the Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to explore the relationship between successful aging and death of elderly people of different genders and their differences. Results This study found that the successful aging rate of the elderly in China was 10.55%, and males’(15.12%) was higher than females’(6.43%). Regardless of males or females, the risk of death in the unsuccessful aging group was higher than successful aging group(male HR=2.154, 95%CI: 1.595-2.908;female HR=3.099, 95%CI: 1.746-5.501). Multivariate analysis showed that unsuccessful aging, low cognitive ability, disability, low physical function, and depression were independent risk factors that led to poor survival outcomes for the elderly. Males who do not actively participate in society are at higher risk of death. Conclusion The successful aging rate of the elderly in my country is low and there are gender differences. The mortality rate of the successful aging group is significantly lower than that of the unsuccessful aging group. And compared with males, the relationship between successful aging and death in females is more significant. Individualized interventions are of prominent significance to be carried out according to the differences between the various dimensions of successful aging of elderly people of different genders.

关 键 词：成功老龄化 生存分析 CLHLS 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]