中国农业经营主体的路径选择与演进逻辑  

Path Selection and Evolving Logic of China’s Agriculture Business Entities

作　　者：范亚莉[1] 覃朝晖[1] FAN Yali;QIN Zhaohui

机构地区：[1]三峡大学经济与管理学院,宜昌443002

出　　处：《上海商学院学报》2021年第6期28-37,共10页Business Economic Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“推进供给侧结构性改革过程中的金融政策研究”(17BJY183)。

摘　　要：基于对小农特性的理论探讨,梳理中国农业经营主体演进的历史进程,发现:由于农业生产的特殊性,小农经营可以降低劳动的监督成本,在劳动力相对丰裕的情况下,能够调动有效劳动力投入,是其保持长期优势的主要原因;在劳动力相对稀缺的背景下,部分农民存在流转土地的需求,规模经营快速发展,即要素市场变化为农业经营主体突破创造了条件。通过国际比较发现,中国的劳动力转移仍存在潜力,土地流转也有现实需要,未来规模经营仍然有发展空间;然而,劳动力转移不彻底会加重经营环境不稳定,要素成本上涨加大经营压力,二者在短期限制了规模经营主体的发展。因此,应该深化土地和劳动力要素市场的有序变革,同时推动科技进步,进而实现农业的高效持续发展。Based on theoretical analysis of peasants’characteristics,this paper finds the evolving logic of the history of agriculture business entities.Because of the particularity of agricultural production,household management can reduce the cost of labor supervision and mobilize effective labor input in the case of relatively abundant labor force,which is the main reason for maintaining long-term advantages.Under the circumstances of relative scarcity of labor market,some peasants have the demand of transferring land,and the scale management develops rapidly.That is to say,the change of factor market has created conditions for the breakthrough of agricultural business entities.Through international comparison,it is found that labor transfer still has its potential,land transfer is also practically needed,and future scale management still has room for development.However,the incomplete transfer of labor force will aggravate the instability of the operating environment,and the rising factor cost will increase the pressure of its operation,which restricts the development of the scale business in the short term.Therefore,the government should deepen the orderly transformation of the land and labor factor market,and improve technological progress,so as to realize the efficient and sustainable development of agriculture.

关 键 词：农业经营主体 生存小农 理性小农 小农经营 规模经营 演进逻辑 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]