欧洲主要石油公司碳排放交易管理策略及启示  

Carbon emission trading management strategy of major European oil companies and its enlightenment

作　　者：李婉君 张运东[1] 郭艳青 司进 万欢[1] 崔捷[1] LI Wanjun;ZHANG Yundong;GUO Yanqing;SI Jin;WAN Huan;CUI Jie(CNPC Economics and Technology Research Institute;Construction Project Management Branch of China Oil&Gas Pipeline Network Corporation)

机构地区：[1]中国石油集团经济技术研究院 [2]国家管网集团建设项目管理分公司

出　　处：《国际石油经济》2021年第11期34-42,共9页International Petroleum Economics

摘　　要：国外碳排放定价机制一般分为"碳排放权交易体系"和"碳税"。壳牌、bp、道达尔、艾奎诺、埃尼和雷普索尔这6家欧洲主要石油公司均参与欧盟碳排放权交易体系,同时壳牌和雷普索尔受加拿大艾伯塔省碳竞争力激励条例的监管,艾奎诺受挪威碳税监管。这些公司密切跟踪碳排放相关政策和可持续发展进展;综合管理公司所有碳排放交易,降低交易成本;进行碳排放绩效管理,提高项目和设施能效;开发或购买碳信用完成履约义务或兑现自愿减排承诺;引入内部碳排放定价机制,慎重投资决策。它们降低长期油价预测,并提高碳价预测;采用较高的碳价进行敏感性或压力测试;内部碳排放定价应用范围扩大,且定价方法更加精细。中国石油企业应密切跟踪温室气体和碳排放相关政策,跟踪公司可持续发展进程;设立碳资产管理组织或部门,组建专业化碳资产管理团队;考虑通过提高能效和购买碳信用等多种方式实现减排目标;采用内部碳定价机制助力石油公司在能源转型过程中正确决策。Carbon emission pricing mechanisms are generally divided into"carbon emission trading system"and"carbon tax"in the world.Such six major European oil companies as,Shell,bp,Total,Equinor,Eni,and Repsol,all participate in the EU ETS,Shell and Repsol are also regulated by Alberta Carbon Competitive Incentive Regulation,and Equinor is also managed by the Norway carbon tax.These companies closely track carbon emission-related policies and sustainable development progress,comprehensively manage carbon emissions trading within the whole company to reduce transaction costs,conduct carbon emission performance management to improve the energy efficiency of their projects and facilities,develop or purchase carbon credits to fulfill compliance obligations or meet voluntary emission reduction commitments,and introduce internal carbon pricing mechanism to help them making prudent investment decisions.For internal carbon pricing,they downgrade their long-term oil price assumptions and increase carbon price assumptions,use higher carbon prices for sensitivity or stress tests,expand the scope of application of internal carbon price and apply more refined pricing methods.Chinese oil companies should closely follow the policies related to greenhouse gas and carbon emissions,and track the company’s sustainable development process,establish a carbon asset management organization or department,build a professional carbon asset management team,achieve the emission reduction targets by such various methods as improving energy efficiency and purchasing carbon credits,and adopt an internal carbon pricing mechanism to help them make correct decisions in the energy transformation process.

关 键 词：欧洲主要石油公司 碳排放交易 内部碳排放定价 管理策略 

分 类 号：F831.5[经济管理—金融学] X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学] F416.22