义务教育改革与农村劳动力的教育回报率——基于CHIP数据的准实验研究  

Reform of Compulsory Education and Rate on Return of Rural Labor Force:A Quasi-experiment Study Based on CHIP Data

作　　者：方超[1] 黄斌 FANG Chao;HUANG Bin

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学公共管理学院,南京210023 [2]南京大学教育研究院,南京210023

出　　处：《北京大学教育评论》2021年第4期146-163,188,189,共20页Peking University Education Review

基　　金：2020年度江苏省社科基金教育学青年项目(20JYC007);2021年度中国青少年研究会研究课题(2021B35)。

摘　　要：本文基于北京师范大学收入分配研究院提供的中国家庭收入调查数据(CHIP),运用工资决定方程和准实验的倾向得分匹配法,实证评估了义务教育改革对中国农村教育回报率的影响。研究结果发现:(1)受义务教育改革的影响,农村劳动力的受教育年限达到9.7年,相对于控制组中未受到改革影响的7.1年,受教育年限提高了2.6年;(2)利用普通最小二乘法测得农村劳动力的整体教育回报率为6.7%,而基于工具变量法测得的整体教育回报率上升为14.6%,义务教育改革在基准回归中对非农收入水平的提升效应为28%;(3)义务教育改革对农村女性受教育年限的提升作用高于男性,概率值为2.5%,但义务教育改革仍然面临着对于家庭信贷约束的进一步突破,相对于非独生子女家庭,独生子女家庭受到义务教育改革影响的概率值高20.6个百分点;(4)基于倾向得分匹配法的分析揭示了义务教育改革的个体增收效应,处理组中的非农收入显著高于控制组,义务教育回报率约为23.7%~30.8%,选择性偏差低估了义务教育改革的真实处理效应。This paper based on the CHIP data provided by the survey of income of residents in China,using Mincerian human capital earing function and PSM assessed the effect of compulsory education reform on the rate of return in rural China.It is indicated that(1)under the influence of compulsory education reform,the education age of the rural labor force has reached 9.7 years compared with 7.1 years in the control group which has not been affected by the reform,while the education years have increased by 2.6 years;(2)The total rate of return on the education of rural labor force is 6.7%measured by the OLS,while it rises to 14.6%by the IV.The effect of compulsory education reform on non-agricultural income level is 28%in the benchmark regression;(3)The effect of compulsory education reform on the education level of the female labor force in rural areas is 2.5%higher than that of the male labor force,but the reform still faces the constraints from the family credit constraints,the probability that only child families are affected by reform will be 20.6 percentage points higher than that of non-only-child families;(4)The results of PSM show that the non-agricultural income of the treatment group is significantly higher than that of the control group,while the return rate of compulsory education is about 23.7%~30.8%,but the selective bias underestimates the real processing effect of compulsory education reform.

关 键 词：义务教育改革 教育回报率 人力资本 教育人力资本 倾向得分匹配 

分 类 号：G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]