“撤点并校”是否减少了教育资源投入  

Does It Reduce the Investment in Educational Resources to Remove Small-Sized Teaching Venues in Villages and Merge Them into Other Schools?

作　　者：孙志军[1] 郑磊[2] Sun Zhijun;Zheng Lei(the Business School,Beijing Normal University;the Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875

出　　处：《教育研究》2021年第11期119-131,共13页Educational Research

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究2020年度重大课题攻关项目“新时代基础教育财政体制与结构研究”(项目编号:20JZD054)的研究成果。

摘　　要：以往的理论和实证研究认为"撤点并校"导致地方政府减少基础教育资源投入。本文提出一个新的理论解释框架,认为学校是教育资源分配过程中不可忽视的利益相关方,大规模学校往往具有更强的争取资源的能力。"撤点并校"形成规模更大的学校,会对增加地方政府的教育资源投入起到积极的作用。利用1995—2015年省级面板数据的实证分析发现,撤并学校没有显著降低财政预算教育支出在地方财政支出中的占比和生均经费,反而显著增加了教师资源的投入。本文研究的政策含义有两点:在教育资源分配过程中,要充分重视各利益相关者的诉求,建立完善的利益表达机制,这是实现教育治理体系和治理能力现代化的基础;要结合乡村振兴和完善新型城镇化背景反思"撤点并校"等农村教育发展政策,应当将农村教育质量提升与教育资源的空间配置以及人口的流动与集聚结合起来思考。According to previous theoretical and empirical studies,it would reduce local governments’investment in basic education resources to remove small-sized teaching venues in villages and merge them into other schools.This study proposes a new theoretical framework:Schools are a non-negligible stakeholder in the allocation of educational resources,and large-sized schools tend to have a greater bargaining power;the removal of small-sized teaching venues in villages results in larger-sized schools,which will have a positive effect on local governments’increased investment in educational resources.According to the empirical analysis of the panel data(1995—2015)from 31 provinces,autonomous regions and centrally-administered municipalities,the removal of small-sized teaching venues in villages failed to significantly reduce the proportion of the education expenditure in the financial expenditure and the expenditure per student,but significantly increased the input of teacher resources.In conclusion,the authors propose the following:In the allocation of educational resources,we need to emphasize the demands of various stakeholders and improve the mechanism for the expression of interest,which is the basis for the modernization of both the education governance system and the capacity of education governance;in the context of rural revitalization and the improvement of new urbanization,we should reflect on the removal of small-sized teaching venues in villages and other policies for the development of rural education,and comprehensively consider the improvement of rural education quality,the spatial allocation of educational resources,and population migration and agglomeration.

关 键 词：“撤点并校” 教育资源投入 学校规模 讨价还价能力 

分 类 号：G639.2[文化科学—教育学]