关键证人出庭例外情形下的作证制度研究——以司法融合新型技术为视角  

The Testimony System of the Key Witness in the Exceptional Circumstances from the Perspective of Amalgamation of Justice and New Technology

作　　者：张迪 ZHANG Di(Law School Nanjing University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210093)

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《中国刑警学院学报》2021年第5期72-80,共9页Journal of Criminal Investigation Police University of China

摘　　要：关键证人因客观原因无法出庭情形下,宣读侦查笔录以代替证人出庭作证的传统方式损害了我国刑事诉讼的客观性与正当性。相关司法解释规定出庭例外情形下可采用视频等方式代替证人出庭作证,为新型替代性作证方式的适用提供了法律支撑。传统替代性作证方式可分为阶层式笔录替代方式和分列式文书替代方式。新型替代性作证方式有视听传输技术作证和同步录音录像作证等。域内外的经验显示,选择适用新旧替代性作证方式时,需遵循比例原则、真实性保障原则、便利性原则及相互补充原则。应根据我国刑事庭审横向前移等特点,构建关键证人出庭例外情形下的作证制度。具体的方式是:对关键证人实行全程询问录音录像,并将录音录像随案移送;在条件允许时应当优先适用视听传输技术作证;确立法官笔录优位,限制检查官笔录的使用,必要时允许法官使用远程技术取证。When the key witness is unable to appear in court due to objective reasons,the traditional way of reading out the testimony of investigations in place of the witness is harmful to the objectivity and legitimacy of the criminal procedure.The related judicial interpretation stipulates that the video and other methods can be used to replace the witness to testify in court under exceptional circumstances,which provides legal support for the application of the new type of alternative testimony.The traditional alternative way of testifying consist of the hierarchical way of taking notes and the separate way of writing documents.The new alternative means of testimony include audio-visual transmission technology testimony and synchronous audio-video recording testimony.The experience in and out of the field shows that the principles of proportionality,authenticity,convenience and complementary should be followed in choosing the new and old alternatives.According to the characteristics of criminal trials in our country,it is necessary to construct the system of key witness’s testimony in the exceptional circumstances,including to record the whole process of questioning key witness,and transfer the record with the case.When conditions permit,priority shall be given to the use of audio-visual transmission technology for testimony.In addition,priority shall be given to the use of judges’transcripts,the use of prosecutors’transcripts shall be limited,and judges shall be allowed to use remote technology for evidence collection when necessary.

关 键 词：出庭例外 关键证人 书面证言 视听传输技术 同步录音录像 

分 类 号：D915.182[政治法律—诉讼法学]