高产中性蛋白酶酵母菌固态发酵棉粕的参数优化  

Technology Optimization of Cottonseed Meal by Solid Fermentation with High-yield Neutral Protease Yeast

作　　者：魏满红 韦票 袁凯鑫 王惠 陈玉林[1] 杨雨鑫[1] WEI Manhong;WEI Piao;YUAN Kaixin;WANG Hui;CHEN Yulin;YANG Yuxin(College of Animal Science and Technology,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Xi'an Lemin Ruminant Institute,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西安乐民反刍动物研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2021年第12期44-50,共7页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：青海省重点研发与转化计划(2020-NK-127);新疆建设兵团重点科技攻关计划(2020AB016);陕西省重点研发计划(2019QYPY-136,2020ZDLNY02-07,2021ZDLNY05-02);国家绒毛用羊产业技术体系项目(CARS-39-12)。

摘　　要：该试验研究了高产中性蛋白酶酵母菌在不同条件下对发酵棉粕品质的影响。以中性蛋白酶活性为指标,对棉粕发酵的时间(1 d、2 d、3 d、4 d、5 d、6 d、7 d)、含水量(40%、45%、50%、55%、60%)、菌液接种量(6%、8%、10%、12%、14%)、葡萄糖添加量(0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%、2.5%)进行优化,以单因素试验结果为基础设计正交试验,探究不同发酵条件下棉粕中蛋白酶、纤维素酶、果胶酶、植酸酶活性以及粗蛋白、小分子多肽、抗营养因子含量的变化。结果表明:单因素发酵棉粕时,分别在含水量50%、菌液接种量8%、葡萄糖添加量1.5%时具有最高的蛋白酶活。以单因素试验结果设计正交试验,9个试验组中性蛋白酶增长95.17%~375.83%、纤维素酶增长5.79%~81.51%、植酸酶增长70.59%~302.51%、果胶酶增长41.06%~117.20%、粗蛋白增长17.72%~34.40%、多肽增长48.72%~485.89%、游离棉酚降低16.32%~71.00%。通过比较,C9组各项指标均较好,中性蛋白酶、纤维素酶、果胶酶、植酸酶活力增长率分别为374.25%、30.13%、302.51%、70.48%,粗蛋白和多肽增长28.97%和375.14%,游离棉酚降低71.00%。故优化后棉粕的最佳发酵条件为葡萄糖添加量2%、菌液接种量8%、含水量55%在室温(28℃)下发酵6 d。The effects of high-yield neutral protease yeast on the quality of fermented cottonseed meal under different conditions were investigated in this study.The fermentation time of cottonseed meal(1 d,2 d,3 d,4 d,5 d,6 d,7 d),water content(40%,45%,50%,55%,60%),inoculation amount of bacterial liquid(6%,8%,10%,12%,14%)and glucose addition amount(0.5%,1%,1.5%,2%,2.5%)were optimized by using neutral protease activity as index.Orthogonal test was designed based on the single factor test results to explore the changes of fermentation on protease,cellulase,phytase,pectinase,crude protein,small molecule polypeptide and anti-nutrient factor content in cottonseed meal.The results show that the enzymatic activity of cottonseed meal was the highest when the water content was 50%,the added amount of bacterial liquid was 8%and the glucose content was 1.5%.Based on these results,orthogonal experiments were designed and found that all experimental groups exhibited increased protease by 95.17%~375.83%,cellulase by 5.79%~81.51%,phytase by 70.59%~302.51%,pectinase by 41.06%~117.20%,crude protein by 17.72%~34.40%,small-molecule polypeptide by 48.72%~485.89%,and reduced free gossypol by 16.32%~71.00%,respectively.All indexes of C9 group were comparatively better,and the activity growth rates of protease,cellulase,pectinase and phytase were 374.25%,30.13%,302.51%and 70.48%,respectively.Crude protein and polypeptide increased by 28.97%and 375.14;the free gossypol decreased by 71.00%.The best fermentation conditions of the optimized cottonseed meal,therefore,are 2%glucose,8%bacterial liquid inoculation and 55%water content at room temperature(28℃)for 6 days.

关 键 词：酵母菌 发酵 蛋白酶 粗蛋白 游离棉酚 

分 类 号：S816.6[农业科学—饲料科学]