毛竹竹秆秆柄形态与解剖学研究  

Morphological and anatomical analyses of moso bamboo culm necks

作　　者：孙开 江建平 丁雨龙[1] RAMAKRISHNAU Muthusamy 魏强[1] SUN Kai;JIANG Jianping;DING Yulong;RAMAKRISHNAU Muthusamy;WEI Qiang(Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Wanzai County Forestry Bureau,Wanzai 336100,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学,南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京210037 [2]万载县林业局,江西万载336100

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第6期40-46,共7页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32071848);江苏省高校“青蓝工程”资助项目;江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)。

摘　　要：【目的】揭示毛竹竹秆秆柄形态学与解剖学特征。【方法】利用形态统计学、滑走切片与石蜡切片技术对不同发育时期毛竹秆柄形态与解剖结构进行研究。【结果】毛竹成熟笋秆柄长约3.22 cm,基部、中部与上部直径分别约为1.2、1.4与1.9 cm,平均具有约14个芽鳞片。解剖学分析显示,毛竹秆柄为实心结构,从外到内依次分布有表皮、下皮、皮层、维管组织与基本组织。其中,下皮约7层细胞,皮层约25层细胞,秆柄横切面维管束分布数量约672个。毛竹竹秆秆柄维管束从形态上可分为6种类型,以仅具有单个后生导管的纤维帽闭合式维管束为主,其形态显著不同于毛竹竹秆与竹鞭节间典型的开放式维管束。同时薄壁细胞纵向排列不规则,且无明显的长、短细胞之分。纵切显示,秆柄木质化程度、维管束密度均为底部最高,中部次之,上部最低。对不同初生增粗生长期笋芽秆柄形态与解剖学观察发现,发育后期笋芽秆柄芽鳞片数、长度与直径均与成熟笋秆柄接近;同时发育前期笋芽秆柄已具有与成熟笋秆柄相同的芽鳞片数;但秆柄长度变化从小到大依次为发育前期笋芽<发育中期笋芽<发育后期笋芽。【结论】毛竹竹秆秆柄解剖学结构显著不同于竹秆;秆柄基本结构在笋芽的发育前期已分化完成;发育前期至发育后期笋芽秆柄具有一个明显的伸长生长过程。【Objective】The aim of this study was to elucidate the morphology and anatomical structures of moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis) culm neck. 【Method】Morphological statistics, paraffin sections and sliding sections were used to analyze the morphology and anatomical structures.【Result】The culm neck of mature bamboo shoots was about 3.22 cm long and had an average of 14 bud scales. The diameters in the top, middle and base of the culm neck were 1.2, 1.4, and 1.9 cm, respectively. The anatomical analysis showed that the moso bamboo culm neck had a solid structure with epidermis, hypodermis, cortex, vascular tissue and ground tissue distributed from outside to inside. There were seven layers of cells in the hypodermis, 25 layers of cells in the cortex, and approximately 672 vascular bundles on the cross section of the culm neck. The vascular bundles of the moso bamboo culm neck can be divided into six types based on the morphology. The fiber-cap closed vascular bundles with only a single metaxylem vessel were the main ones, which was significantly different from the moso bamboo culm with typically open vascular bundles. The parenchyma cells were arranged irregularly in the longitudinal direction, and there was no clear distinction between long and short cells. The longitudinal section showed that the lignification degree and the density of vascular bundles of the culm neck were the highest at the bottom, followed by the middle, and the lowest at the top. The anatomical observation of culm necks in the bamboo shoots at different growth stages showed that the number of bud scales, length, and diameter of the culm neck in the bamboo shoot at the late developmental stage were similar to those of the culm neck in the mature moso bamboo shoot. Further, the culm neck in the bamboo shoot at the early developmental stage had the same number of bud scales as the culm neck in the mature moso bamboo shoot. The length of the culm neck in the bamboo shoot at the early development stage was significantly shorter than that

关 键 词：毛竹 秆柄 维管束 解剖学 形态学 发育 

分 类 号：S795[农业科学—林木遗传育种]