社会整合的道德之维:关于帕森斯、齐美尔和莫顿的道德社会学思想  

The Moral Dimension of Social Integration:On the Sociology of Morality in the Work of Parsons,Simmel and Merton

作　　者：唐纳德·莱文 刘汶蓉(译)[2] LIU Wenrong;Donald N.Levine

机构地区：[1]美国芝加哥大学社会学系 [2]上海社会科学院社会学研究所,200020

出　　处：《国外社会科学前沿》2021年第12期60-73,共14页JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCES

摘　　要：对道德本质和规律的追问是社会学的经典议题,也是社会学家批评经济主义立场的一个重要学术基点。帕森斯、齐美尔和莫顿的道德社会学思想,是21世纪新道德社会学"再出发"的重要学术遗产。围绕价值规范与人类行为的关系,可将帕森斯的研究脉络划分为四个阶段,这可以勾画出一条从唯意志论到多元决定论的路线。相反,齐美尔的研究脉络,则是从对道德多元复杂的客观性分析逐渐转向对道德规范创造性的揭示。莫顿虽然师从帕森斯,却继承齐美尔。他的研究脉络,是从关注社会制度背后的道德结构开始,逐渐转向规范的内生性矛盾;他强调社会规范的矛盾意向性,从而突破了社会变迁研究中的越轨和失范视角。总之,三位社会学家的思想脉络,暗示了现代复杂社会系统的价值整合困境。在他们作品的基础上,唐纳德·莱文提出了一个建构"道德—评价复合体"范式的探索框架。The inquiry of the moral nature and function is a classic topic in sociology and an disciplinary drive for sociological critiques of economistic position.The sociological thoughts on morality in the work of Parsons,Simmel and Merton are important academic legacy of the new sociology of morality in 21st century.Parsonian oeuvre can be divided into four stages regarding the relationship between value norms and human action,depicting a trend from voluntarism to multidimensional determinism.In contrast,Simmel gradually shifted his interests from the objective analysis on normative pluralism and complexity to the normative creativity.Merton,a student of Parsons,more closely resembled Simmel however.His study began with the moral structures behind social institutions moved towards the internal contradictions of norms;he highlighted sociological ambivalence in his later work,which breaking through the functional perspectives of deviance and anomie behavior in social change.In general,the adumbrations of the three sociologists’thoughts on morality are implicating the difficulty of value integration in modern complex social systems.On the basis of the three sociologists work,Donald Levine proposes a framework for exploring a paradigm of the moral-evaluative complex in future.

关 键 词：社会整合 (新)道德社会学 帕森斯 齐美尔 莫顿 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]