酶制剂对陕南上部烟叶化学成分和香气品质的影响  

Effects of enzyme treatment on chemical components and aroma quality of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco from southern Shaanxi

作　　者：吴薇[1] 袁帅[2] 郑玺 叶爱萍 徐磊[2] 董洪旭 刘伟[2] 刘祥 邓金华 张立新[1] WU Wei;YUAN Shuai;ZHENG Xi;YE Aiping;XU Lei;DONG Hongxu;LIU Wei;LIU Xiang;DENG Jinhua;ZHANG Lixin(College of Life Sciences,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;Technology Center,China Tobacco Shaanxi Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Baoji 721013,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,陕西省712100 [2]陕西中烟工业有限责任公司技术中心,陕西省宝鸡市721013

出　　处：《烟草科技》2021年第12期28-34,共7页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：陕西中烟工业有限责任公司科技计划项目“秦巴烟叶品质与香气评价及影响因素研究”(JS-FW-2016-001);中国烟草总公司陕西省公司科技项目“秦巴烟田土壤保育及化肥减施增效技术集成与示范”(SXYC-2016-KJ-02)。

摘　　要：为提高陕南地区上部烟叶的工业可用性,以云烟87为材料,在烟叶烘烤前喷施30 U/g和60 U/g两种浓度的淀粉酶、纤维素酶及复合酶等酶制剂,并测定了烤后烟叶感官品质、常规化学成分及香气物质含量(质量分数)。结果表明,与对照相比,60 U/g纤维素酶和60 U/g淀粉酶处理效果明显,烤后烟叶中总糖、还原糖和钾含量显著提高,其中钾含量分别比对照提高11.5%和17.7%;60 U/g的纤维素酶处理后烟碱含量和60 U/g的淀粉酶处理后淀粉含量较对照显著降低。60 U/g纤维素酶处理的烤烟感官评吸总分最高,30 U/g的纤维素酶处理次之。GC/MS检测结果表明,60 U/g纤维素酶处理的烤烟质体色素降解产物显著高于对照,增加52.5%;美拉德反应产物和类西柏烷类致香物质含量也有不同程度提高。因此,烟叶烘烤前喷施60 U/g纤维素酶可协调上部烟叶化学成分,改善烟叶感官品质,增加致香物质含量,进而改善上部烟叶品质。In order to improve the usability of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco from southern Shaanxi,the upper leaves of cv.Yunyan 87 were sprayed with enzyme preparations(amylase,cellulase and complex enzyme)at two concentrations(30 U/g and 60 U/g)before curing.The contents(mass fraction)of routine chemical components and aroma components and sensory quality of cured leaves were analyzed.The results showed that,compared with the control,60 U/g cellulase and 60 U/g amylase treatments were significantly effective,and the total soluble sugar,reducing sugar and potassium contents were significantly increased in the cured tobacco leaves.The potassium content was 11.5%and 17.7%higher than the control respectively.The nicotine content in the leaves after 60 U/g cellulase treatment and the starch content in the leaves after 60 U/g amylase treatment were significantly lower than those of the control.The flue-cured tobacco under the 60 U/g cellulase treatment had the highest total sensory score,followed by that under 30 U/g cellulase treatment.The GC-MS test results indicated that compared with the control,the degradation products of plastid pigment of flue-cured tobacco treated with the 60 U/g cellulase were significantly increased by 52.5%.In addition,Maillard reaction products and the content of cembrane aroma substances also increased to varying degrees.Therefore,spraying 60 U/g cellulase before curing can improve the quality of the upper tobacco leaves through harmonizing the chemical components,improving the sensory quality and increasing the content of aroma substances.

关 键 词：烤烟 酶制剂 淀粉酶 纤维素酶 品质 可用性 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]