河北省城市空气臭氧污染及其对植物伤害的区域差异  

Regional Differences of Urban Ozone Pollution and Its Damage to Plants in Hebei Province

作　　者：万五星[1] 张帅 李洁[1,2] 孙旭[2] 管祖光[3] 于小红 杨永宏 王效科 WAN Wuxing;ZHANG Shuai;LI Jie;SUN Xu;GUAN Zuguang;YU Xiaohong;YANG Yonghong;WANG Xiaoke(College of Life Science,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050016,China;State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology/Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;Pan-test(Beijing)Environmental Technology Co.,LTD,Beijing 100085,China;Administration of Hebei Wulingshan National Natural Reserve,Chengde 067300,China;Hebei Xiaowutai Mountain National Nature Reserve Administration,Zhangjiakou 075700,China)

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学生命科学学院,河北石家庄050016 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心/城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [3]泛测(北京)环境科技有限公司,北京100085 [4]河北雾灵山国家级自然保护区管理局,河北承德067300 [5]河北小五台山国家级自然保护区管理局,河北张家口075700

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2021年第11期2185-2194,共10页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFE0127700);河北省自然科学基金项目(C2017205152);河北省教育厅科技项目(ZD2015091);城市与区域生态国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLURE2018-2-1)。

摘　　要：近年来中国城市空气臭氧(O_(3))浓度不断上升,严重影响了空气质量。地面O_(3)具有高生物毒性,不但影响人体健康,而且会对植物造成伤害,直接威胁粮食安全和生态安全。文章对国控点大气O_(3)监测数据进行了分析,并采用国际通用的O_(3)导致植物伤害的诊断标准,系统调查了河北省承德市、张家口市、保定市、石家庄市、邢台市、邯郸市等6个城市的植物叶片可见O_(3)伤害症状,分析评价了区域O_(3)污染及其造成的植物伤害症状。研究发现,在河北省6个城市的26个国家空气质量监测网络站点中,2019年植物生长季4—8月O_(3)暴露剂量(AOT40)介于29.50—56.30μmol∙mol^(−1)·h之间,超过欧洲基于林木规定的临界值(5μmol∙mol^(−1)·h)的5.9—11.26倍,并总体呈现出中南部城市高于北部城市的特征。在监测站点周边城市植被调查到的224种植物中,76种植物观察到了不同程度的O_(3)伤害症状。植物伤害症状主要包括植物叶片上表面叶脉间浅色斑点、浅色或深色斑块、褪绿和黄化。出现O_(3)伤害症状的植物种数及占调查物种的比例均与空气质量监测点的AOT40值存在显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。在所调查的植物中,大叶黄杨Buxus megistophyla出现的频率最高,是一种广泛种植的公园植物,其受伤害症状易于辨认,可作为河北省城市O_(3)污染监测指示植物。研究结论可为河北省空气O_(3)污染监测与防控以及植物对O_(3)的敏感性评价提供可靠依据。In recent years,the concentration of urban ambient ozone(O_(3))in China has been continuously rising.O_(3) is of high biological toxic.It can do harm to human health and plants growing.It can also directly threaten food security and cause ecological problem.In this research,the widely accepted diagnostic and evaluation standards for ozone damage were employed to investigate the ozone damage symptoms on plant leaves in 6 cities,including Chengde City,Zhangjiakou City,Baoding City,Shijiazhuang City,Xingtai City and Handan City in Hebei Province.The O_(3) pollution and its distribution of plant injury symptoms in these regions were analyzed and evaluated.Basing on data from 26 national air quality monitoring network sites in these 6 typical cities in Hebei Province,ozone exposure dose(AOT40)varies from 29.50μmol∙mol^(−1)·h to 56.30μmol∙mol^(−1)·h during the plant growth season from April to August in 2019.They are 5.9‒11.26 times of the European threshold for forest damage(5μmol∙mol^(−1)·h)separately.AOT40 values of southern cities among the 6 cities are higher than that of northern ones.76 of the 224 plant species surveyed had been observed different levels of ozone injury symptoms.Symptoms can be classified as light-colored spots,light-colored or dark-colored patches,chlorosis and yellowing.There was a significant positive correlation between the number and ratio of ozone-damaged species near the monitoring stations and the AOT40 values of the monitoring sites.In this study,Buxus megistophylla was most frequently investigated and the injury symptoms of it were easy to be diagnosed.It’s a widely distributed plant and good to be used as an indicator species for ambient ozone pollution in the study region.The results can provide a reliable basis for the monitoring and control of air O_(3) pollution in Hebei Province and the sensitivity evaluation of plants to O_(3).

关 键 词：河北省 环境臭氧 受害植物 可见伤害 区域差异 

分 类 号：Q89[生物学] X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]