破产程序中扣押船舶费用的优先清偿问题研究  

Research on the priority payment of the cost of arresting ship in bankruptcy procedure

作　　者：郝志鹏 周江[1] HAO Zhi-peng;ZHOU Jiang(School of International Law,Southwest University of Political Science & Law,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学国际法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2021年第4期3-10,共8页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2020年度国家社会科学基金重大专项(20VHQ010)。

摘　　要：在涉船破产案件中,因扣押船舶费用与破产费用和共益债务的法律认定争议,以及破产案件集中管辖与海事法院专门管辖之间的程序衔接与冲突问题,扣押船舶费用在破产程序中实现优先清偿存在现实困难。把握《中华人民共和国企业破产法》的修订契机,在梳理学理争议、探究立法本意的基础上,综合现有规范并结合司法实践,提出三种解决方案:第一,将扣押船舶费用受偿权视为破产别除权;第二,明确扣押船舶费用为共益债务;第三,将扣押船舶费用细分为破产费用与普通破产债权。经对比,第三种方案为更优路径。In bankruptcy cases involving ships,due to the legal identification disputes of the costs of arresting ship,bankruptcy expenses and common benefits debt,as well as the procedural connection and conflicts problems between the centralized jurisdiction of bankruptcy cases and the specialized jurisdiction of the maritime court,there are practical difficulties in realizing the priority repayment of the claims on the costs of arresting ship in the bankruptcy procedure.Seizing the opportunity of revising Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the People’s Republic of China,exploring the original legislative intention,combining existing norms and judicial practice,three solutions are proposed.First,considering the rights of payment of the costs of arresting ship as bankruptcy exemption rights.Second,the claim on the costs of arresting ship is clearly defined as part of common benefits debt.Third,the costs of arresting ship are subdivided into bankruptcy expenses and ordinary bankruptcy claims.After comparison,the third option is the best path.

关 键 词：破产程序 扣押船舶费用 优先清偿 争议辨析 费用细分 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]