教育驱动的县域城镇化与规划政策反思  

County-level Urbanization Driven by Education and Its Planning Policy Reflection

作　　者：申明锐[1] 蒋宇阳 张京祥[1] SHEN Mingrui;JIANG Yuyang;ZHANG Jingxiang

机构地区：[1]南京大学建筑与城市规划学院,江苏南京210093 [2]上海市规划和自然资源局,上海200003

出　　处：《城市发展研究》2021年第11期8-15,30,共9页Urban Development Studies

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(项目批准号:51808280)。

摘　　要：县域是完成农民就近城镇化、实现城乡要素跨界配置、促进一二三产融合发展最为基础的空间单元。在一些户籍人口规模大的县域,县城公共服务设施的提标扩面是保障城镇化质量的关键,而教育设施至关重要。通过剖取皖北太和县重点研究,发现该类县城呈现出非常明显的基础教育驱动人口集聚的城镇化景观,现象背后折射出农业转移人口以家庭为单位用时空成本换代际流动的诉求,即该类城镇化的动力机制。农村学生家庭在乡城迁移过程中发生了从"半耕半工"向"半工伴读"的分工模式转变,家庭成员因就近陪读和远距离务工相结合而呈现横跨乡村—本地县城—异地大城市的时空离散。以教育为媒介,上一代在付出巨大时空成本的同时,下一代进行着"城市性"的生活方式、思维模式的社会习得,积累融入社会阶层体系的文化资本,乃至以考学作为通道,实现基于代际之上的城镇化。研究对于具体规划实践中,认识县域城镇化的特征趋势、扩大县城公共服务设施布局中教育资源的供给,提供了更为坚实的实证基础。County area is the most basic spatial unit for completing the in-situ urbanization of farmers,realizing the cross-border allocation of urban and rural factors,and promoting the integration of primary,secondary and tertiary industries.In some counties with a large number of registered population,the extension and expansion of county public service facilities is the key to ensuring the quality of urbanization,and education facilities are of vital importance.Based on the in-depth research of Taihe County in northern Anhui province,this paper finds that this kind of county presents an obvious urbanization landscape of population aggregation driven by basic education,which reflects the need of accelerating social mobility at the cost of spatio-temporal dispersal of rural migrants in units of families,as the dynamic mechanism of this kind of urbanization.Rural families with students continue to migrate from rural to urban areas,and the division of labor changes from"semi-industry and semi-agriculture"to"semi-industry and accompanying schooling".Family members present a kind of spatio-temporal separation combined with local companionship and migrant work and crossed by the countryside,local county and other large cities.Through education as a medium,while the previous generation paid a huge time and space cost,the next generation has acquired"urban"lifestyle and thinking mode and accumulated cultural capital integrated into the social stratum system,so that they took the entrance examination as a channel to achieve intergenerational urbanization.The study provides a more solid empirical basis for understanding the characteristic trends of county urbanization and expanding the supply of educational resources in the layout of county public service facilities in the specific planning practice.

关 键 词：县域城镇化 公共服务设施 基础教育 社会流动 太和县 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]