浒苔生物炭与木醋液复配改良碱化土壤效果及提高油葵产量  

Effects of Enteromorpha prolifera Biochar and Wood Vinegar Co-application on Takyric Solonetz Improvement and Yield of Oil Sunflower

作　　者：王正 孙兆军[1,3] Sameh El-Sawy[4] 王珍 何俊 韩磊[3] 邹本涛[5] WANG Zheng;SUN Zhao-jun;Sameh El-Sawy;WANG Zhen;HE Jun;HAN Lei;ZOU Ben-tao(School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Xinhua College,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Institute of Environmental Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;National Research Centre of Egypt,Cairo 11435,Egypt;School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering,Yantai University,Yantai 264005,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏大学新华学院,银川750021 [3]宁夏大学环境工程研究院,银川750021 [4]埃及国家研究中心,开罗11435 [5]烟台大学机电汽车工程学院,烟台264005

出　　处：《环境科学》2021年第12期6078-6090,共13页Environmental Science

基　　金：宁夏重点研发计划项目(2018BFG02016,2019BFG02032,2018BEB04010);国家自然科学基金项目(31660133,31460220);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1904303)。

摘　　要：为探究浒苔生物炭与木醋液复配改良碱化土壤效果及提高作物产量,以龟裂碱土为例,通过田间试验研究不同生物炭施加量(0、1%、2%和4%)与不同木醋液稀释倍数(0、2%)复配对土壤pH、碱化度、全盐、容重、速效磷、有机质、盐分离子、油葵生长和产量的影响,不施加生物炭和木醋液视为对照(CK).结果表明,2%浒苔生物炭+2%木醋液(V2BC2)改良龟裂碱土的综合效果最佳;在最佳处理条件下:①浒苔生物炭与木醋液复配能改善土壤理化性质,具体表现为作物生长期内土壤平均pH、碱化度和全盐含量显著降低,较CK分别降低12.14%、40.63%和42.75%,土壤容重显著减小,较CK减小20.78%;②浒苔生物炭与木醋液复配能显著降低土壤Na^(+)、Cl^(-)和SO_(4)^(2-)含量,较CK分别降低47.17%、45.32%和33.33%,提高土壤K^(+)和Ca^(2+)含量,其他离子含量的差异不显著;③浒苔生物炭与木醋液复配显著提高土壤养分含量及有效性,增强土壤酶活性,与CK相比,速效磷提高2.88倍,有机质提高58.76%,土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性分别提高0.92、1.02和2.29倍;④油葵产量在V2BC2处理时最高,为3546.7 kg·hm^(-2),较CK增产2325.3 kg·hm^(-2).因此,浒苔生物炭与木醋液复配能进一步提高盐碱土改良效果及作物产量.The purpose of this study was to reveal the effects of Enteromorpha prolifera biochar combined with wood vinegar on takyric solonetz improvement and crop yield.Different biochar amounts[0%,1%,2%,and 4%(ω)]were studied on the basis of 0%and 2%(φ)wood vinegar,wherein no biochar or wood vinegar was applied in the control(CK).Soil pH,alkalinity,exchange sodium percentage(ESP),salinity,bulk density,Olsen-P,organic matter,soil salt concentration,and yield of oil sunflower were analyzed.The results showed that first,the comprehensive effects of 2%wood vinegar and 2%biochar co-application(V2BC2)were greatest;in comparison to that in the CK,the soil pH,ESP,salinity,and bulk density significantly decreased by 12.14%,40.63%,42.75%,and 20.78%,respectively.Second,the content of Na^(+),Cl^(-),and SO_(4)^(2-)significantly decreased by 47.17%,45.32%,and 33.33%,respectively,compared with those in the CK.In the soil layer of 0-40 cm under the treatment of biochar combined with wood vinegar,however,K^(+)and Ca^(2+)content increased.In addition,there was little variation in the remaining ions compared with those in the CK.Third,Enteromorpha prolifera biochar and wood vinegar co-application significantly increased the soil nutrient content and availability and enhanced microbial activity.Compared to that under the CK,Olsen-P and organic matter increased by 2.88 times and 58.76%,respectively,and the activity of urease,alkaline phosphatase,and invertase increased by 0.92 times,1.02 times,and 2.29 times,respectively.Finally,the highest crop yield was 3546.7 kg·hm^(-2) under the V2BC2 treatment,which was 2325.3 kg·hm^(-2) more than that under the CK.Therefore,Enteromorpha prolifera biochar and wood vinegar co-application can further strengthen the improvement of takyric solonetz and crop yield.

关 键 词：浒苔生物炭 木醋液 碱化土壤改良 土壤盐分 土壤酶 作物产量 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]