“X比Y都W”的构式意义及其形成的机制和动因  

The Construction Meaning of“X Bi Y Dou W”and Its Formation Mechanism and Motivation

作　　者：胡颖 HU Ying(College of humanities, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院,上海200234

出　　处：《皖西学院学报》2021年第6期132-138,共7页Journal of West Anhui University

基　　金：上海师范大学研究生拔尖人才学术能力提升工程(AC9103-21-368012267)。

摘　　要：“X比Y都W”是一种特殊比较构式,与构式“X比Y还W”中的“还”一样,“都”在构式中不可或缺,可以增强语气,起强调作用。其构式义是说话人以Y的W性质为参照,说明X在W方面超过Y,因此X在W方面是高程度的,而这是超出说话人预期的。从历时的角度看,该构式存在从表客观比较的语法构式到表夸张修辞的修辞构式的形成与演变过程,是一个多义构式。促成这种演变的机制是类推,认知动因是隐喻与转喻。“X Bi Y Dou W”is a special comparative construction.Like“Hai”in the construction“X BiY Hai W”,Dou is indispensable in the construction,which can enhance the tone and play an emphasis role.The construction meaning is that the speaker refers to the W property of Y,indicating that X exceeds Y in W,so X is high in W,which is beyond the speaker's expectation.From a diachronic point of view,this construction has a process of formation and evolution from the grammatical construction of objective comparison to the rhetorical construction of exaggerated rhetoric.It is a polysemy construction.The mechanism contributing to this evolution is analogy,and the cognitive motivation is metaphor and metonymy.

关 键 词：“X比Y都W” 反预期 高程度义 认知机制 夸张修辞 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]