地震初至拾取奇异值编辑在快速处理中的应用  

The application of singular value editing of the first arrival data in quick processing

作　　者：钟家均[1] 凌航 曾涛 ZHONG Jiajun;LING Hang;ZENG Tao(Exploration & Production Research Institute,SWPB,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]中石化西南油气分公司勘探开发研究院,成都610041

出　　处：《物探化探计算技术》2021年第6期724-733,共10页Computing Techniques For Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration

基　　金：中石化重大科技项目(P20056-1)。

摘　　要：初至数据对于地震资料静校正处理十分重要,特别是复杂的地表区域,利用初至获取近地表结构和速度模型是比较稳定的一种方式,但初至拾取是十分繁琐、缓慢和复杂的。这里主要讨论在自动拾取初至的基础上,利用初至数据在共炮点、共检波点和共炮检距等不同的数据集中初至的连续性表现特征,结合线性动校、统计分析、阈值限制等方法,编程成应用软件实现奇异值的迭代筛选,自动剔除编辑操作,最大程度保留真实初至并快速求取初至折射或者层析静校正量的技术思路和通过自动奇异值编辑之后获取静校正量的可行性。所编制软件能够实现筛选结果可视化,质量误差可控,能够最大程度减少人工鼠标点击拾取和翻阅地震记录的操作,大大提高了初至拾取精度和处理工作效率,为资料处理提供尽量准确的初至数据等。利用实际数据进行了本方法的筛选编辑和手工拾取两种方式初至数据的对比,两种方式获得的静校正量基本一致,体现了初至奇异值快速编辑剔除方法具有很好的实用性。The first arrival-time data is very important for the static processing of seismic data,especially in the complex surface area.It is relatively stable for us using the approach to obtain near-surface structure and velocity model.But the process of getting the first arrivals is very cumbersome,slow and complex.On the basis of automatic picking up the first arrival,this paper mainly discusses how to make use of the continuous performance characteristics of the first arrival data in different data sets,such as common shot point,common receiver point and common offset point data set,programmed into application software to realize iterative screening or automatically removing of singular values,combined with linear move out,statistical analysis,threshold value limit and other methods,to the greatest extent retain the real first arrival.Be aimed at quickly obtain the refraction or tomographic static correction of the first arrival,and research the feasibility of obtaining static correction after automatic singular value editing.The software can realize the visualization of screening results,and the quality error is controllable.It can minimize the operation of manual picking and browsing seismic records,greatly improve the accuracy of first break picking and processing efficiency,and provide the first break data as accurate as possible for data processing.In this paper,we have obtained two kinds of first break data by the method of editing and manual picking.Finally,we obtained two kinds of static corrections,which shows that this kind of singular value editing method has good practicability.

关 键 词：初至 层析静校正 奇异值编辑 统计分析 可视化编程 快速处理 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]