汉字构件构意泛化与字典编纂  

The Generalization of Chinese Character Component Meaning and Dictionary Compilation

作　　者：符渝[1] 齐元涛[2] FU Yu;QI Yuanlao

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学中文学院,北京100029 [2]北京师范大学民俗典籍文字研究中心,北京100875

出　　处：《语言文字应用》2021年第4期116-122,共7页Applied Linguistics

基　　金：教育部重点研究基地重大项目“跨文化比较视野下的海外汉字学研究”(19JJD740003)资助。

摘　　要：汉字构件的构意在汉字发展过程中存在泛化现象,一个构件可具有多个构意。对汉字教学来说,准确理解构件构意非常重要,字典编纂可以将构意阐释当作一项基本任务,为汉字教学提供参考。在字典中,构件构意的呈现主要依托成字部首来实现,构意可归纳为不同的意项,不同字典因为收字不同,所归纳的意项也会存在差异。构件意项与词汇义项具有互证互补关系,在归纳部首意项时,要避免词汇义项的干扰,也要注意构意的时代性。The meaning of Chinese character component is generalized in the development of Chinese characters.One component can have multiple component meanings.For Chinese character teaching,it is very important to accurately understand the meaning of the components.Dictionary compilation can take the interpretation of structure and meaning as a basic task and provide reference for Chinese character teaching.In dictionaries,the presentation of component construction is mainly realized by word forming radicals.The construction meaning can be summarized into different meaning items.Due to different word collections,the meaning items in different dictionaries are different.Component meaning items and lexical meaning items have mutual evidence and complementary relationships.In the summarization of radical meaning items,we should avoid the interference of lexical meaning items and pay attention to the times of component meaning.

关 键 词：汉字 构件 构意 构意泛化 字典编纂 

分 类 号：H06[语言文字—语言学]