碳纳米纤维气凝胶的制备及其吸油性能  

Facile Preparation of Electrospun Carbon Nanofiber Aerogels for Oils Absorption

作　　者：许文萃 林英正 邵再东 郑煜铭[2] 程璇[1] 钟鹭斌[2] XUWencui;LIN Yingzheng;SHAO Zaidong;ZHENG Yuming;CHENG Xuan;ZHONG Lubin(College of Materials,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China;CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion,Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xiamen 361021,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学材料学院,厦门361005 [2]中国科学院城市环境研究所中国科学院城市污染物转化重点实验室,厦门361021

出　　处：《材料研究学报》2021年第11期820-826,共7页Chinese Journal of Materials Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51578525,5153000136)。

摘　　要：先用静电纺丝-液相接收技术制备蓬松的聚丙烯腈(PAN)三维纳米纤维,然后将其进行热稳定化处理得到超轻纳米纤维气凝胶(CNFAs)。CNFAs内部是碳纳米纤维交叠形成的开孔网络,发生80%应变后能回弹到原形。用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)气相沉积疏水化处理后,CNFAs的水接触角增大到145°。研究了静电纺丝纳米纤维的原始堆积密度对CNFAs的体积收缩率、密度、吸油容量以及循环吸附量的影响,结果表明:这种气凝胶的机械性能优异。纳米纤维合适的初始堆积密度为4 mg·mL^(-1),制备出的CNFAs对油类污染物的吸附量可达到自重的185倍;用燃烧和挤压方法10次循环回收吸附饱和的CNFAs,其吸附容量仍保持稳定。The polyacrylonitrile(PAN)three-dimensional nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning and liquid phase receiving technique,and then the ultra-light carbon nanofiber aerogels(CNFAs)with excellent mechanical properties were obtained by post thermal stabilizing the nanofibers.There exists a network of open holes formed by overlapping carbon nanofibers inside the CNFAs,which can bounce back to its original shape after 80%strain.The water contact angle of CNFAs increased to 145o after hydrophobic treatment via vapor deposition of polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS).The effect of the original bulk density of electro-spun nanofibers on the volume shrinkage,density,oil absorption capacity and cyclic adsorption capacity of CNFAs was assessed.The results show that 4 mg·mL^(-1)is a more appropriate initial bulk density,and the adsorption capacity of CNFAs for oil pollutants can reach 185 times of its own weight.The CNFAs of saturated absorption could be recovered by direct combustion or extrusion,and even after 10 cycles of combustion recovery,the adsorption capacity of the recovered CNFAs could remain by a rather stable level.

关 键 词：材料表面与界面 碳气凝胶 静电纺丝 吸油 液相接收 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]