菠萝蜜无土育苗基质筛选及营养液配方优化  

Selection of Soilless Seedling Substrate and Optimization of Nutrient Solution Formula for Jackfruit

作　　者：周欢 丁燕 范紫云 丰锋[1] 叶春海[1] ZHOU Huan;DING Yan;FAN Zi-yun;FENG Feng;YE Chun-hai(College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524088,China)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学滨海农业学院,广东湛江524088

出　　处：《东南园艺》2021年第4期19-24,共6页Southeast Horticulture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0202102);广东省科技计划(2016B020201010、2014A020208137.2013B060400023)。

摘　　要：以种子为材料,采用单因素随机区组和正交试验设计方法筛选菠萝蜜无土育苗基质,优化营养液配方。研究椰糠、珍珠岩、泥炭土、混合基质(1/3椰糠+1/3珍珠岩+1/3泥炭土)、砂壤土对菠萝蜜幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:混合基质是优良的无土育苗基质,处理50 d,幼苗茎粗8.82±1.01 mm、叶片数14.20±2.86,均极显著地高于砂壤土育苗,株高49.36±4.81 cm、根冠比0.479±0.099均显著地高于砂壤土育苗,达到嫁接二级砧木标准;其次是椰糠。采用L9(34)正交表,研究MS培养基大量元素营养液组合对菠萝蜜幼苗生长的影响,结果表明:KNO3是影响菠萝蜜幼苗生长的主要因子,组合KNO31267 mg·L-1+NH4NO3825 mg·L^(-1)+MgSO4185 mg·L^(-1)+CaCl2664 mg·L^(-1)是最佳的菠萝蜜无土育苗营养液配方,处理50 d,幼苗的株高41.80±5.21 cm、茎粗10.96±0.26 mm、叶片数15.20±1.03、根冠比0.2963±0.0375,达到嫁接一级砧木标准。Seeds of jackfruit were used as materials to screen jackfruit soilless seedling substrates and optimize the nutrient solution formula using single-factor random block and orthogonal design methods.Effects of coconut bran,perlite,peat soil,mixed substrate(1/3 coconut bran+1/3 perlite+1/3 peat soil),and sandy loam soil on the growth of young seedlings of jackfruit were studied.The results showed that the mixed substrate was an excellent soilless seedling substrate.After 50 days of treatment,the seedling stem thickness was 8.82±1.01 mm,and the number of leaves was 14.20±2.86,which are significantly higher than that of the soil seedlings.The plant height was 49.36±4.81 cm and the root-to-shoot ratio was 0.479±0.099.The plant height and root-to-shoot ratio were significantly higher than that of soil seedling cultivation,reaching the second grade root stock standard for grafting.Coconut chaff was the second excellent substrate.Using L9(34)orthogonal table,effects of MS medium macronutrient solution combinations on the growth of jackfruit seedling were studied.Potassium nitrate was the main factor affecting the growth of jackfruit.The combination of KNO31267 mg·L^(-1)+NH4NO3825 mg·L^(-1)+MgSO4185 mg·L^(-1)+CaCl2664 mg·L^(-1) was the best nutrient solution formula for jackfruit soilless seedlings.After 50 days of treatment,the plant height was 41.80±5.21cm,the stem thickness was10.96±0.26mm,the number of leaves was 15.20±1.03,and the root to shoot ratio was 0.2963±0.0375,reaching the first grade rootstock standard for Grafting.

关 键 词：菠萝蜜 无土育苗 基质 营养液 

分 类 号：S667.8[农业科学—果树学]