中国应用科技型大学产生、演变及其本质特征探究  

On the Origin,Development and Characteristics Universites of Applied Science and Technology of China

作　　者：董立平[1] DONG Li-ping(Reform and Development Research Center on University of Applied Science and Technology,Xiamen University of Technology,Xiamen 361024,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门理工学院应用科技大学改革与发展研究中心,福建厦门361024

出　　处：《应用型高等教育研究》2021年第4期1-9,共9页Application-Oriented Higher Education Research

基　　金：国家社会科学(教育学)基金一般项目“‘双一流’背景下中国特色高水平应用技术大学差别化发展研究”(BIA170239)资助。

摘　　要：改革开放以来,我国开始了对应用型高等教育的积极探索。尤其是自2014年以来,国家先后出台了一系列关于应用型高等教育改革的政策文件,全国各省市和地方高校自身也都纷纷进行了一系列的改革探索。但在改革探索的过程中,国家先后颁布的文件政策和相关的理论研究中不断出现了一些新的提法,诸如“应用型”“应用技术型”“应用科技型”“职业技术型”“工程技术型”“技术应用型”以及“行业特色型”等人才与教育类型的名称。这在广大教育工作者中造成了许多误解和茫然认识,也导致了高等教育实践改革中的盲动和误区。因此,厘清新时代下中国特色应用科技型大学的历史由来、发展过程及其独特内涵与本质就具有非常重要的现实意义和理论价值。China has been actively exploring applied higher education since the Reform and Opening up.Especially since 2014,China has issued a series of policy documents on the reform of applied higher education,and all domestic provinces,cities and local universities have also carried out a series of reform explorations.However,in this process,some new formulations related to the talents and education types have shown their appearances in the documents and policies issued by Chinese government and related theoretical studies,such as“application-oriented”,“applied-technology-oriented”,“applied-science-technology-oriented”,“vocational-technology-oriented”,“engineering-technology-based”,“technicalapplication-oriented”,and“industry-characteristic-orientated”,which have brought about myriad of misunderstanding and misleading among the majority of educators,and also led to the blindness and cognitive bias in the practice of higher education reform.It is of great practical and theoretical significance to clarify the origin,development and unique connotations and features of universities of science and technology with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

关 键 词：应用科技型大学 中国特色 大学体系 高等职业教育 高等教育 

分 类 号：G648.4[文化科学—高等教育学]