俞樾女性传记“礼”之辨及其女性观的通变  

The Argument of Propriety in Yu Yue's Biography of Women and General Changes of Views of Women

作　　者：朱君毅 谷秀芳 Zhu Junyi;Gu Xiufang(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;School of Business and Media,Lanzhou University of Finance and Economics,Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学文学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]兰州财经大学商务传媒学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《西北民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第6期168-176,共9页Journal of Northwest Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金西部和边疆地区项目“清代家集中的女性传记与家族文化记忆的构建研究”(项目编号:19XJCZH008)。

摘　　要：清代传记创作在数量和质量上都达到了前所未有的繁荣,为女性创作的传记也随之剧增。俞樾在其女性传记文中,讨论了礼、义、情、文的内在关系以及妇德问题。在涉及与妇女相关的“礼”的问题时,极力阐扬“动合礼法”和有“大节大义”的楷模,并强调传主德行的家世渊源。在分析“孝”“烈”“妇学”等问题时,以“至诚”“至情”论强调“礼本乎情”的观念,极力反对“为节妇难,为烈妇易”的说法;认为妇女可以以“妇学”(包括文学创作)为基础,实现“相夫教子”的职责,并重新阐释了“女而有士行”的涵义。在其女性传记创作中,俞樾破例为生者立传、“夫妇并书”,对传主的事迹书写极为详尽,强调“例以义起,文随事变”的观点。俞樾在其女性传记中讨论上述问题时,流露出明显的通变思想,这也是“通经致用”思潮下礼教思想和妇女观的折射。Biographical writing had flourished unprecedentedly in quantity and quality during the Qing Dynasty,and biographies of women began to increase dramatically.In his biographies of women,Yu Yue discussed the intrinsic relationship among propriety,righteousness,emotions,and literature,as well as the issue of women's morality.When it comes to the issue of“propriety”concerning women,he strongly advocated models of“moving in line with the propriety”and with“major principles and righteousness”,and emphasized the family origins and background of the protagonist's moral integrity.While analyzing the issues of“filial piety”,“defense of chastity or virginity”and“women's learning”,he stressed the ideas of“the propriety stemming from emotions”based on“complete sincerity”and“complete emotions”,and strongly opposed statements such as“being hard to be a virtuous woman,and being easy to die in defense of her chastity or virginity”.He held that,starting with“women's learning”(including literary creation),women can realize their duties of“assisting the husband and educating the children”,and re-interpreted the connotation of“women with behavior of the intelligentsia”.In his biographies of women,Yu Yue made exceptions for the biographies of the living,“writing about both husband and wife”,and writing in great detail about the deeds of the protagonist,and emphasized the idea that“the example starts with righteousness and the writing changes with the events”.In his biography of women,Yu Yue discussed the above issues and revealed a clear idea of changes,which is also a reflection of the Confucian ethical code and views of women under the trend that“the study of ancient classics should meet present needs”.

关 键 词：俞樾 女性传记 女性观 妇德 礼 通变 

分 类 号：I207[文学—中国文学]