覆膜与补充灌溉对半干旱地区马铃薯产量及根际土壤微生物学特性的影响  

Effects of Plastic Film Mulch and Supplementary Irrigation on Potato Yieldand Rhizosphere Soil Microbiological Characteristics in Semi-arid Areas

作　　者：张芮 王腾飞 张梅花 张永胜 杨昌钰 陈志丕 ZHANG Rui;WANG Tengfei;ZHANG Meihua;ZHANG Yongsheng;YANG Changyu;CHEN Zhipi(College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Pingliang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Pingliang 744000,China;Dingxi Hydraulic Research Institute,Dingxi 743000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]平凉市农业科学院,甘肃平凉744000 [3]定西市水利科学研究所,甘肃定西743000

出　　处：《华北农学报》2021年第6期132-140,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：甘肃农业大学伏羲青年英才项目(Gaufx-03Y10);甘肃省自然科学基金重点项目(18JR3RA178);国家自然科学基金项目(51769001)。

摘　　要：为了揭示半干旱地区覆膜与补灌技术下马铃薯产量与根际土壤微生物学特性等相关指标的响应关系,在甘肃省定西市灌溉试验站开展马铃薯覆膜与补充灌溉大田试验,设全覆膜膜下滴灌(PFID)、半覆膜膜下滴灌(PHID)、全覆膜垄作沟灌(PFIF)、无膜垄作沟灌(PNIF)、全覆膜畦田灌水(PFIB)、全覆膜畦田不灌水(PFIBN)等6个处理,以平作无膜不灌水(PNIN)为对照,分析各处理对马铃薯产量、根际土壤有机质(TOM)、有机碳(TOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)、微生物量氮(MBN)、脲酶、过氧化氢酶等土壤学特性的影响。结果表明:在滴灌和沟灌补充灌溉方式下,根际土壤微生物学特性指标对覆膜程度响应关系不同,全覆膜处理的MBC和MBN显著高于半覆膜处理,而半覆膜或不覆膜处理的脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性却显著高于全覆膜处理;所有补灌处理(PFID、PHID、PFIF、PNIF、PFIB)的脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性均显著高于对照PNIN处理,补灌处理的马铃薯产量、单株结薯个数和单株薯质量也均显著高于PNIN处理,尤其是PHID处理产量达44603.70 kg/hm^(2),较对照显著增产51.00%。相关分析表明,马铃薯产量与MBC、脲酶活性、过氧化氢酶呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与TOM、TOC显著正相关(P<0.05)。In order to reveal the response relationship between potato yield and rhizosphere soil microbiological characteristics under plastic film mulching and supplementary irrigation technology in semi-arid area,field experiments of potato mulching and supplementary irrigation were carried out in Dingxi irrigation experimental station of Gansu Province,which included six treatments,drip irrigation under plastic film(PFID),drip irrigation under semi mulching(PHID),furrow irrigation with full film mulching(PFIF),furrow irrigation without film mulching(PNIF),border irrigation with plastic film mulching(PFIB),and no irrigation in border field covered with plastic film(PFIBN).Flat planting without film and no irrigation(PNIN)was used as control.The effects of different treatments on potato yield,rhizosphere soil organic matter(TOM),organic carbon(TOC),microbial biomass carbon(MBC),microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN),urease and catalase were analyzed.The results showed that mulching methods had significant effects on rhizosphere soil microbiological properties under drip irrigation and furrow irrigation.MBC and MBN of full film mulching treatment were significantly higher than that of half mulching treatment,while urease and catalase activities of semi mulching or no mulching treatment were significantly higher than that of full mulching treatment(P<0.05).On the other hand,the activity of urease and catalase of all supplementary irrigation treatments(PFID,PHID,PFIF,PNIF,PFIB)were significantly higher than control treatment(PNIN).The potato yield,number of tubers per plant and tuber weight per plant of supplemental irrigation treatment were also significantly higher than control treatment.In particular,the yield of semi mulched drip irrigation treatment(PHID)was 44603.70 kg/ha,which was 51.00%higher than control.Correlation analysis showed that potato yield was highly significant correlated with MBC,urease activity and catalase(P<0.01),and positively correlated with TOM and TOC(P<0.05).

关 键 词：马铃薯 覆膜 补灌 土壤微生物学特性 产量 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学] S532.01[农业科学—农业基础科学]