国有部门和非国有部门教育回报率差异的新特征——基于大学扩招政策的断点回归设计分析  

The New Characters on the Difference of the Returns to Education between State and Non-state Sector:Based on the Regression Discontinuity Design of the Policy of Education Expansion

作　　者：戴思源 DAI Si-yuan(School of Social Sciences,Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]清华大学社会科学学院、数据治理研究中心

出　　处：《教育经济评论》2021年第6期22-42,共21页China Economics of Education Review

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“大都市底层群体的社会空间及治理路径研究”(17BSH018);中国博士后科学基金“中国家长教育焦虑及其社会结构性影响机制研究”(2021M691802)。

摘　　要：以1999年开始实施的大学扩招为政策断点,研究显示,在2011年以后的城镇劳动力市场中,国有部门劳动者的教育回报率已不低于非国有部门,其教育回报率亦表现出"马太效应"的特征,即高收入劳动者拥有更高的教育回报率。对此现象,"部门竞争假设"的解释是,中国劳动力市场化改革促进了国有部门引入市场化劳动激励模式以吸引劳动者。于是,在国有部门中,传统"共享式"工资分配模式被市场化的激励模式逐渐取代。国有部门在和非国有部门教育回报率差异缩小的同时,优质劳动者的教育回报率水平提升幅度也快于一般基层劳动者。总的来说,中国城镇劳动力市场改革的逐渐深化,有利于打破制度壁垒,优化资源配置,完善市场结构,提高劳动者的教育回报。但也应注意到单纯依靠市场机制,并不能缓解相对贫困问题,并可能会加剧贫富分化,让基层劳动者处于不利的市场地位中。因此,除了应给予更多低收入家庭以教育机会外,也需注重改善劳动力市场中低收入群体的劳动激励机制。Based on the policy of higher education expansion in 1999,Data shows that the rate of returns to education in the state sector is not less than that in the non-state sector by regression discontinuity design,and the Matthew Effect on the rate of returns to education has been emerging,the rate of returns to education of high-income workers is higher.The explanation of sectors competition hypothesis is that labor market-oriented reform has promoted the state sector units draw into the market-oriented labor incentive mode for attract workers.As a result,the traditional sharing wage distribution model has been gradually replaced by the market-oriented labor incentive model in the state sector.The difference between the state sector and the non-state sector in the rate of returns to education has narrowed,as well as the rate of returns to education in high-quality labor is also faster than that grass-roots workers.Generally speaking,the gradual deepening of urban labor market reform is conducive to removing the institutional barriers,optimizing resources allocation,perfecting the market structure,and improving the level of education return of workers.In addition,due to the shortage of high-quality labor force in China,under the mechanism of market competition,the level of return on education of high-quality labor force in state-owned sector units is also significantly improved.Generally speaking,the gradual deepening of the labor market reform is conducive to breaking the institutional barriers,optimizing the labor market structure,and improving the returns to education of ordinary workers in China.However,it should also be noted that relying solely on the market mechanism can not alleviate the problem of relative poverty,and may aggravate the gap between the rich and the poor in the market,making the grass-roots workers fall into a disadvantage position in labor market.To improve the income level of low-income groups,we should not only give more education opportunities to the bottom families,but also pay attention to

关 键 词：城镇劳动力市场 大学扩招 教育回报率 市场转型 断点回归设计 

分 类 号：G649.2[文化科学—高等教育学] F249.2[文化科学—教育学]