山东田横岛海域长牡蛎性腺发育及生化成分周年变化  

Seasonal Variations of Gonadal Development and Biochemical Components of Crassostrea gigas in Tianheng Island Sea Area,Shandong

作　　者：吕敏 李琪[1,2] Lv Min;Li Qi(Key Laboratory of Mariculture(Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Techno-logy (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China)

机构地区：[1]海水养殖教育部重点实验室(中国海洋大学),山东青岛266003 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术国家试点实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第2期33-40,共8页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：威海市科技发展计划项目(2018NS01);青岛市科技惠民示范引导专项(20-3-4-16-nsh)资助。

摘　　要：为了阐明青岛近海长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)性腺发育周期及生化成分周年变化,于2019年4月—2020年3月,对青岛田横岛海区长牡蛎的性腺发育周期、生化成分(糖原、脂肪、蛋白质)的周年变化与环境因子(温度、盐度、叶绿素a)关系进行研究。研究显示,调查区长牡蛎性腺发育周期分为两个阶段:休止期(10—12月)和配子发生期(1—9月)。少部分长牡蛎配子发生于温度较低的1月(5.4℃),随着温度升高配子逐渐发育成熟,在6月温度较高(20℃)和叶绿素a浓度较大(1.67μg·L^(-1))情况下,配子进入排放期。在配子发生期间,随着配子的成熟,条件指数和卵径在5月达到最大值,在配子排放后降低。生化成分含量为:在冬末春初浮游植物繁殖期间糖原含量储存在长牡蛎各组织中,随着性腺发育,各组织的糖原含量逐渐下降,为配子发育提供能量,这表明贮藏在各组织的糖原是配子发生期间的主要能源物质;性腺-内脏团的脂肪和蛋白质含量随着卵径增加呈上升趋势,产卵后其含量显著下降,表明脂肪和蛋白质与配子发育密切相关。研究结果表明,田横岛海域长牡蛎配子的发育方式为保守种模式。To elucidate the reproductive strategy of Crassostrea gigas cultured around Tianheng Island,Shandong,the relationship between reproduction and environmental factors(temperature,salinity and Chlorophyll a),and the seasonal variations of biochemical components(glycogen,lipid and protein)of gonadal-visceral mass,mantle,adductor muscle,and gill were investigated from April 2019 to March 2020.Results indicated that the gonad development cycle of C.gigas in the survey area was divided into two periods the resting period(October—December)and the gametogenesis period(January—September).Gametogenesis began in January when seawater temperature was 5.4℃and spawning started in June when sea water temperature was 20℃.The high temperature and Chlorophyll a concentration(1.67μg·L^(-1))ensured the survival of larvae.The condition index and oocyte diameter peaked in May during gametogenesis,and then declined after gametes releasing.The results of biochemical components assay indicated that glycogen storage initiated from late winter and sustained to early spring when the phytoplankton blooming.As the gametes developed,the glycogen of all tissue decreased possibly;it provides energy for the development of gametes,which indicated that glycogen is the main source of ene-rgy during gametogenesis.With the increase of oocyte diameter,the lipid and protein components of the gonadal-visceral masses increased,significantly declined after gametes releasing,which indicated that lipid and protein closely related to the development of gametes.The results showed that C.gigas in Tianheng Island sea area is a conservative species in gametogenic pattern.

关 键 词：长牡蛎 性腺发育 生化成分 环境因子 季节变化 田横岛 

分 类 号：S968.3[农业科学—水产养殖]