突发事件中新闻媒体的话语失范研究——以新冠肺炎疫情中的媒体话语失范为例  

A study of the rhetoric failure of media discourse in the crisis context:A case study of rhetoric failure in a COVID-19 media discourse

作　　者：杨建新[1] 李平艳 王雅琪 YANG Jianxin;LI Pingyan;WANG Yaqi(College of Foreign Languages,Hexi University,Zhangye 734000,China;College of Foreign Languages,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;College of Foreign Languages,Yuzhang Normal University,Nanchang 330103,China)

机构地区：[1]河西学院 [2]中山大学 [3]豫章师范学院

出　　处：《外文研究》2021年第4期32-38,103,104,共9页Foreign Studies

基　　金：国家民委项目“西方主流媒体涉疆话语解构及新疆对外传播话语体系研究”(2020-GMD-103)。

摘　　要：新闻媒体在突发事件治理中承担了信息公开、舆论引导和舆情应对的重要作用,而新闻媒体的话语失范也可能会成为舆情的引发者。因此,新闻媒体话语失范的研究对突发事件舆情防范具有重要的意义。研究以新冠肺炎疫情期间的一起新闻话语失范为例,分析新闻媒体话语失范的成因,发现:知识误判和编码空缺是新闻话语失范的主要原因。对受众知识的误判,使得媒体在新闻编码中省略关键信息;编码的空缺则引发受众解码过程中的过度推理,使受众用主观"成见"和无关信息填补新闻话语留下的认知空白,产生与编码意义相背的负面解读,引发舆情。研究从知识预判和新闻编码两个维度,针对突发事件危机语境下的媒体话语失范,提出预防建议。希冀能以此推动危机语境下媒体话语能力的建设,切实发挥新闻媒体在突发事件治理中的作用。While news media assumes an important role of information dissemination and opinion guidance in the governance of emergencies,its rhetoric failure may also make it the triggers of public opinion.Therefore,the study of rhetoric failure of news discourse is of great significance in emergencies.Taking a rhetoric failure during the COVID-19 as a case,this study analyzes the causes of rhetoric failure for the news media,and finds that knowledge misjudgment and coding vacancies are the main causes of rhetoric failure in news discourse.The misjudgment of audience’s knowledge makes the media omit key information in the news coding;the information gap triggers over-reasoning in the decoding process,which makes the audience fill the cognitive gap left by the news discourse with subjective“stereotypes”and irrelevant information,resulting in negative interpretation contrary to the meaning of the coding and triggering negative public opinion.Finally,some suggestions are offered from knowledge prediction and news coding to prevent the rhetoric failure in the crisis context.It is hoped that this will promote rhetoric capacity of news media in the crisis contexts and facilitate news media to better play their role in emergency management.

关 键 词：媒体话语 突发事件 新冠肺炎疫情 话语失范 

分 类 号：H312[语言文字—英语]