民法典背景下人的担保独立性之证成与适用--以独立担保为视角  

The Justification of the Independence of Personal Guarantee in the Era of Civil Code:A Perspective from the Independent Guarantee

作　　者：王毓莹 Wang Yuying

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法律硕士学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2021年第6期58-71,共14页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“执行异议之诉实体审查规则研究”(项目编号:20BFX086)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：独立担保在我国的发展,经历了从参照国际惯例解决涉外独立保函和备用信用证纠纷,到最高人民法院制定《独立保函司法解释》专门规定独立担保问题,并将独立保函的适用范围逐步从国际商事交易领域扩展到国内商事交易。我国民法典虽然没有明确规定独立担保制度,但却为独立担保制度预留了法律解释和发展的空间,即《民法典》第682条明确规定,可以通过法律规定排除担保的从属性。独立担保属于担保从属性的例外情形,对于独立担保的司法案件,法官需要尊重其独立性,克制发挥自由裁量权,在既有的裁判规则体系下准确识别独立担保的独立性及其适用范围,并且注意判断是否存在独立保函欺诈的问题。Independent guarantee has undergone three stages of development in China:At first,international practices were referred to in solving disputes over it and over the stand-by letters of credit in international commercial transactions;later the Supreme People’s Court of China issued the provisions on several issues concerning the trial of disputes over it;now it has been expanded from international commercial transactions to domestic ones.Though it is not explicitly provided in the Civil Code of the PRC,the latter does leave some room for its development and interpretation through Article 682 by the exclusion of the subordination of guarantee through the wording"if otherwise provided by law."As the independent guarantee is an exception to the subordination of guarantee,in judicial practice,its independence needs to be respected,judge’s discretion be restrained,and its independence and scope of application be defined under the existing system of adjudication rules,and meanwhile,fraud be identified.

关 键 词：担保 从属性 独立担保 独立保函欺诈 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]