考试文化的承续演变与分类析论  

On the Inheritance,Evolution and Classification of Examination Culture

作　　者：刘海峰[1] 蔡正道 LIU Haifeng;TSAI Chengtao(Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学科举学与考试研究中心,杭州310058 [2]厦门大学考试研究中心,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《中国考试》2022年第1期7-17,共11页journal of China Examinations

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学领军人才培育专项重大课题“中外人才选拔考试史专题研究”(21YJRC03ZD)。

摘　　要：考试文化是指因考试而形成和衍生的文化,或者说是与考试相关的文化,考试文化有广义和狭义之分。考试观念文化中,最重要的是公平竞争、择优录取、考试改变命运三个观念。考试制度文化具有严密、刚性的特征。考试礼仪、考试崇拜或考试信仰、考试习俗等,则是从考试习俗文化方面,使得考试在社会上具有崇高的地位和广泛的影响。考试机构文化体现了考试机构的精神面貌、价值标准和文化素质,影响着考试机构的效能和形象。考试价值观最核心的部分可以概括为“至公至正,明远明察”。Examination culture refers to the culture formed and derived from examinations,or the culture related to examinations,which could be understood in broad sense and narrow senses.In the culture of examination concept,the most important three concepts are fair competition,selective admission based on performance,and the change of destiny after the success in examinations.The culture of examination system is featured of strictness and rigidity.Examination custom culture,including examination etiquette,examination worship or examination belief,examination customs,etc.makes the examination have a lofty status and extensive influence in the society.And the examination institution culture that reflects the spiritual outlook,value standards and cultural quality affects the efficiency and image of examination institutions.The core of the examination values can be summarized as“be fair and be just,to examine extensively and to examine in great details”.

关 键 词：考试文化 科举文化 考试价值观 考试机构文化 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]