纯电动汽车电池包箱体结构优化设计  

Optimization Design of Battery Pack Box Structure for Pure Electric Vehicles

作　　者：贾峰 毛虎平 程必良 JIA Feng;MAO Hu-ping;CHENG Bi-liang(School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China)

机构地区：[1]中北大学能源动力工程学院,山西太原030051

出　　处：《中北大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第6期502-509,共8页Journal of North University of China(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51275489);山西省自然科学基金(201701D121082)。

摘　　要：针对目前纯电动汽车电池包箱体的体积和质量过大,导致电池额外能耗增加的问题,进行了电池包箱体优化设计.本文以某车型电池包箱体为研究对象,进行了电池包模组及箱体的建模;根据紧急制动工况下箱体及承载梁应力情况、颠簸路面与急转弯耦合工况下电池包模组及箱体节点的位移和电池模组支架单元平均应力情况的分析结果,确定了电池包箱体设计的问题和优化的方向;基于OptiStruct求解器并采用变密度法进行了电池包底部承载梁拓扑优化、箱体上盖形貌优化,薄壁件尺寸优化,并根据优化结果完成了电池包箱体几何重构.相应工况下电池包箱体优化前后的仿真分析结果表明:优化后的电池包箱体实现了轻量化,结构合理且能满足机械性要求,在电池包容量不变的前提下,电池包箱体质量减小41.7 kg,准静态工况下最大位移从8.5861 mm减小至3.5684 mm,解决了承载梁应力集中问题,第一阶固有频率从24.04 Hz提升至40.71 Hz,避开了共振频率带.Aiming at the problem that the additional energy consumption of the battery was increased by too large volume and quality of the battery pack case for pure electric vehicles,an optimized design of the battery pack box was carried out.We took the battery pack box of a vehicle as the research object,and built the mode of the battery pack module and box.According to the analysis results the stress of the load-bearing beam under the emergency braking condition,and the average stress of the battery module support unit and the displacement of the battery pack module and box nodes under the coupling condition of the bumpy road and sharp turns,the design problem and the optimization direction of battery pack box was determined.Based on the OptiStruct solver and using the variable density method,the topological optimization of the load-bearing beam at the bottom of the battery pack,the shape of the top cover of the box,and the size of the thin-walled parts were optimized.According to the optimization results,the geometric reconstruction of the battery pack box was completed.The simulation analysis results before and after optimizing the battery pack box under the corresponding working conditions show that:The optimized battery pack box has light weight,reasonable structure and can meet mechanical requirements.Under the premise of the same capacity of the battery pack,the weight of the battery pack box is reduced by 41.7 kg,and the maximum displacement under quasi-static conditions is reduced from 8.5861 mm to 3.5684 mm,which solves the problem of stress concentration in the load-bearing beam.The first-order natural frequency is increased from 24.04 Hz to 40.71 Hz,avoiding the resonance frequency band.

关 键 词：电池包箱体 纯电动汽车 拓扑优化 OptiStruct求解器 变密度法 

分 类 号：U469.72[机械工程—车辆工程]