明清关学讲学思想的三个维度——以冯从吾、李二曲、刘古愚为例  

The Three Dimensions of Guan Xue’s Lecture Thoughts in Ming and Qing Dynasties—Taking Feng Congwu,Li Erqu and Liu Guyu as Examples

作　　者：许宁[1] 高贵朋 XU Ning;GAO Gui-peng(Department of Philosophy,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710062,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学哲学系,陕西西安710062

出　　处：《宝鸡文理学院学报（社会科学版）》2021年第6期48-53,共6页Journal of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences：Social Science Edition

基　　金：陕西省“十三五”教育科学规划课题:关学书院教育思想研究(项目编号:SGH18H055)。

摘　　要：明清时期,讲学风靡,关学学者冯从吾、李二曲、刘古愚均推崇讲学,并投身实践。他们的讲学思想侧重于不同维度:冯从吾讲学以“明道”为宗旨,以“知性”为主要内容,以“躬行”为指向,侧重理学维度;李二曲讲学以“悔过自新”为宗旨,以“明体适用”为主要内容,以“当机指点”为方法,侧重实学维度;刘古愚讲学以“救亡图存”为目的,以“中体西用”为宗旨,以“学兼新旧”为形式,侧重新学维度。虽然冯从吾、李二曲和刘古愚的讲学思想具有不同侧重,但在他们身上又都表现出了注重笃实践履的关学精神。通过这些关学学者讲学思想的嬗变,可以勾勒出明清时期关学发展的基本动向:晚明的理学转向、清初的实学转化和晚清的近代转型。During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,lectures were popular.Guan Xue scholars Feng Congwu,Li Erqu,and Liu Guyu all praised giving lectures and devoted themselves to practice.Their lecture thoughts focused on different dimensions:Feng Congwu’s lectures were based on“intellectualism”as the main content,“practice”as the orientation,and focused on the dimension of neo-Confucianism;and Li Erqu’s lectures were based on“repentance and renewal”,with“cultivating self to suit the world and benefit the people”as main content,“on-the-spot guidance”as the method,and focused on the practical dimension;Liu Guyu’s lectures aimed at“saving the nation from extinction”,with the purpose of“Chinese learning as the essence and Western learning for its utility”,and the form of“learning from both old and new”,focusing on the new learning.Although Feng Congwu,Li Erqu and Liu Guyu have different emphasis on lectures,they all show the spirit of paying attention to practice.Through the evolution of these Guan Xue scholars’lecture thoughts,we can outline the basic trends of Guan Xue development during the Ming and Qing Dynasties:the turn of Neo-Confucianism in the late Ming Dynasty,the transformation of real learning in the early Qing Dynasty,and the modern transformation in the late Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：明清关学 讲学 冯从吾 李二曲 刘古愚 

分 类 号：B249.9[哲学宗教—中国哲学]