不同栽培设施对冬枣叶片生理特性与果实品质的影响  

Effects of different cultivation facilities on leaf physiological characteristics and fruit quality of fresh jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.cv.Dongzao)

作　　者：刘毅[1] 牛艳 安晓宁 秦国杰 LIU Yi;NIU Yan;AN Xiaoning;QIN Guojie(College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西太原030031

出　　处：《经济林研究》2021年第4期41-50,共10页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：山西省科技成果转化引导专项“鲜食枣设施栽培与提质增效综合管理技术示范”(201904D131032);山西省优秀博士来晋工作奖励资金科研项目(SXYBKY2020017);山西农业大学博士科研启动项目(2021BQ52)。

摘　　要：【目的】分别从叶片生理特性与果实品质两方面对利用不同设施栽培的效果进行评价,为冬枣科学栽培模式的研究与筛选和优质枣果的培育提供参考依据。【方法】以7年生‘沾冬2号’冬枣叶片及果实为试材,对露地栽培(作为对照)和分别利用连栋冷棚、单栋冷棚及日光温室3种设施栽培的叶片矿质营养元素,光合作用相关参数,枣果产量、外观及内在品质进行了测定与分析。【结果】在相同的施肥与管理条件下,设施栽培的冬枣叶片中氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)和钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)元素的含量不同程度地高于对照的,且各处理间N、Ca、Mg元素的含量差异均较明显;设施栽培的枣叶其净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))、胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))及叶绿素含量(SPAD值)均明显高于对照的;利用3种设施栽培的冬枣其裂果率均显著降低,其单果质量、可食率、产量及果实纵横径均高于对照的,而各处理间其果形指数却无显著差异;设施栽培的冬枣果实中可溶性固形物的含量和固酸比均高于对照的,而其可滴定酸含量均低于对照的,其中单栋冷棚处理与对照间的差异达到显著水平;与对照相比,利用3种设施栽培的枣果其果实中蛋白和总黄酮的含量均有所提高,其中利用单栋冷棚栽培的枣果中蛋白和总黄酮含量的提高效果最为明显;而冬枣果实中的维生素C含量,设施栽培的均低于对照的,其中日光温室内的枣果中Vc的含量最低。【结论】除维生素C外,利用3种设施栽培的冬枣叶片其营养状况和光合性能及果实产量与品质整体优于露地栽培的,其中以单栋圆拱冷棚栽培的冬枣的综合评价结果为最优,在冬枣树的栽培中,这种单栋圆拱冷棚可适于推广应用。【Objective】The effects of different cultivation facilities on leaf physiological characteristics and fruit quality of fresh jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.cv.Dongzao)were evaluated to provide a reference for the scientific cultivation pattern and high-quality fruit cultivation.【Method】Four different cultivation patterns were applied in the open field(control),multi-span plastic greenhouse,single-span plastic greenhouse,and solar greenhouse,respectively.Leaf and fruit samples were collected from 7-year-old jujube trees(‘Zhandong 2’)to evaluate leaf mineral nutrition and photosynthesis,in addition to fruit yield,appearance,and internal quality.【Result】Under the same fertilization conditions,the contents of five mineral elements(N,P,K,Ca,and Mg)in leaf samples were higher under facility cultivation than those of the control,and there were remarkable differences in leaf N,Ca,and Mg contents among the treatments.The leaf net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),stomatal conductance(G_(s)),intercellular CO_(2) concentration(C_(i)),and transpiration rate(T_(r))and chlorophyll content(SPAD value)in facility cultivation treatments were also considerably higher than those of the control.Generally,the dehiscent fruit rate was decreased significantly,the mass,edible rate,yield,and longitudinal and traverse diameters of fruit samples were all higher in the three facility cultivation treatments than control,while no significant difference was observed in fruit shape index among the treatments.With regard to fruit quality,the soluble solid content and solid-acid ratio were higher under facility cultivation compared with those of the control,whereas the titratable acid content exhibited the opposite trend,and significant differences were observed between the single-span plastic greenhouse and the control.Compared with the control,the protein and total flavonoid contents of fruit samples were increased under facility cultivation,especially in the single-span plastic greenhouse.However,the vitamin C content of fruit samples fro

关 键 词：‘沾冬2号’ 设施栽培 矿质营养 光合参数 果实品质 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]