土壤养分与新疆灰枣果实品质的多元分析及优化方案  

Multivariate analysis and optimization scheme of soil nutrients and nutritional quality of Xinjiang grey jujube

作　　者：万胜 刘伟锋 于婷[1,3] 孙佳 黄瑶 刘丰鸣 杨智鹏 王利娜 王姝婧 赵文 李建贵 WAN Sheng;LIU Weifeng;YU Ting;SUN Jia;HUANG Yao;LIU Fengming;YANG Zhipeng;WANG Lina;WANG Shujing;ZHAO Wen;LI Jiangui(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;College of Resource and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Jujube Engineering Technology Research Center,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆红枣工程技术研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [4]新疆大学,新疆乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《经济林研究》2021年第4期168-176,共9页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项“红枣产业降本增值提效关键技术研发与示范”(2020A02002-1);新疆红枣产业技术体系建设专项(XJCYTX-01-03-2021)。

摘　　要：【目的】为了研究枣园土壤养分与枣果营养品质间的复杂关系,制定土壤养分因子的优化方案,从而为新疆枣园的科学施肥与精准化管理提供参考依据和技术指导。【方法】对新疆8个灰枣主产县市的24个枣园的枣果营养品质和土壤养分含量进行测定,运用R语言和SIMCA多元统计软件分析并筛选出影响枣果品质的重要土壤养分因子,并利用Lingo软件建立线性规划方程,探明枣果品质最优时土壤养分因子的优化方案。【结果】研究区的枣园土壤皆为碱性土壤,土壤中的碱解氮含量匮乏,而速效磷含量丰富且皆处于适宜含量范围内,各枣园间土壤速效钾含量差异明显,55%以上枣园的土壤速效钾含量处于丰富水平;枣果品质是土壤养分因子共同作用的结果。偏最小二乘回归分析结果表明,枣果蛋白质含量主要受土壤有机质、碱解氮含量和土壤pH值的影响,可溶性糖含量主要受土壤速效钾含量和土壤pH值的影响,可滴定酸含量主要受土壤速效磷、速效钾含量和土壤pH值的影响,维生素c含量主要受土壤速效钾含量和土壤pH值的影响,类黄酮含量主要受土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷含量和土壤pH值的影响,总酚含量主要受土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷含量和土壤pH值的影响,氨基酸含量主要受土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效钾含量和土壤pH值的影响。【结论】新疆灰枣园土壤养分的最优方案为:当土壤pH值为8.12~8.2,土壤中有机质的含量为28.79 g/kg,土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量分别为18.3~60.0、166.93~206.65、143.1~151.65 mg/kg时,枣果实的品质最优。在对新疆灰枣枣园的施肥管理中,应注重水肥管理的科学性,适时增施有机肥,调节土壤pH值,适当减少磷肥、钾肥的施用量,增施氮肥,做到因地制宜,选择科学的施肥配比。【Objective】In order to study the complex relationship between the soil of the jujube orchard and the nutritional quality of the jujube fruit,a soil factor optimization plan was developed to provide reference and technique of scientific fertilization and precision management.【Method】The nutrient quality and soil nutrient content of jujube fruit were determined in 24 jujube orchards in 6 main gray jujube producing regions,counties and cities in Xinjiang.The important soil factors affecting jujube quality were screened out using R and SIMCA multivariate statistical analysis,and using Lingo to formulate linear equations,the optimization plan of soil factors for the best quality of jujube fruit was explored.【Result】The soils in the sampled jujube orchards were all in an alkaline environment,the content of alkaline hydrolyzs nitrogen in the soil was lacking,and the content of available phosphorus was within the appropriate range and the content was abundant.The content of available potassium was significantly different among jujube orchards,and more than 55%were in an abundance state.The quality of jujube fruit was the result of the combined effects of soil factors.The results of partial least square regression analysis showed that protein content was mainly affected by organic matter,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and soil pH.Soluble sugar content was mainly affected by available potassium and soil pH.Titratable acid content was mainly affected by soil pH.Available phosphorus,available potassium and soil pH were affected.The content of vitamin C was mainly affected by available potassium and soil pH.The content of flavonoids were mainly affected by organic matter,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and soil pH.The content of total phenols were mainly affected by organic matter,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and soil pH.The content of amino acids were mainly affected by organic matter,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available potassium and soil pH.【Conclusion】The optimal plan

关 键 词：土壤养分 灰枣 营养品质 偏最小二乘 优化方案 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学] S606[农业科学—园艺学]