社区≥60岁轻度认知功能障碍患者吞咽障碍发生情况与相关因素分析  

Prevalence of dysphagia and influencing factors in community-dwelling elderly with mild cognitive impairment

作　　者：寿飞燕[1] 李刚[1] 范虹[2] 彭江华 Shou Feiyan;Li Gang;Fan Hong;Peng Jianghua(Department of General Medicine,Shaoxing People's Hospital,Shaoxing 312000,Chian;Department of Geriatrics,Shaoxing People's Hospital,Shaoxing 312000,China)

机构地区：[1]绍兴市人民医院全科医疗科,312000 [2]绍兴市人民医院老年病科,312000

出　　处：《中华全科医师杂志》2021年第12期1295-1299,共5页Chinese Journal of General Practitioners

基　　金：浙江省公益技术研究计划(LGF20H170005);浙江省中医药科技计划(2020ZB270);2018年度浙江省绍兴市科技计划(医疗卫生)(2018C30064)。

摘　　要：对2019年1月至2021年1月就诊于绍兴市人民医院及其下属分院的150例≥60岁轻度认知功能障碍患者,采用进食评估问卷调查工具-10(EAT-10)入户评估吞咽障碍发生情况,其中吞咽障碍者(EAT-10评分≥3分)92例(61.3%,吞咽障碍组),无吞咽障碍者58例(正常组)。吞咽障碍组与正常组的年龄、文化程度、食物类型、脑卒中病史、呛咳史、简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)评分、自理能力[日常生活能力量表(ADL)的Barthel指数(Barthel评分)]、咀嚼功能评分、用药种类数比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);多因素logistic分析显示,年龄(≥80岁)、文化程度(初中及以下)、脑卒中病史、呛咳史、MMSE评分(<23分)、Barthel评分(≤60分)、咀嚼功能评分(>3分)、用药种类数(≥3种)均是吞咽障碍的相关危险因素,食物类型(普食)是保护因素。提示,社区≥60岁轻度认知功能障碍患者吞咽障碍的发生率较高,影响因素也较多,应及早筛查、干预。The survey was conducted in Shaoxing city from January 2019 to January 2021 among 150 residents aged≥60 years with mild cognitive impairment from Shaoxing People's Hospital and its subordinate branches.The swallowing function was evaluated by eating evaluation questionnaire-10(EAT-10),and dysphagia(EAT-10 score≥3)was identified in 92 subjects with a prevalence rate of 61.3%(dysphagia group)and other 58 residents without dysphagia was set as normal group.There were significant differences in age,educational level,diet type,history of stroke,history of choking,Mini-mental State Examination(MMSE)score,masticatory function score,the number of drug types,self-care ability(Barthel score)in Activities of Daily Living(ADL)scale between dysphagia group and normal group(all P<0.05).Multivariate logistic analysis showed that age(≥80 years old),educational level(junior middle school and below),history of stroke,history of choking cough,MMSE score(<23 points),Barthel score(≤60 points),masticatory function score(>3 points)and the number of drug types(≥3 kinds)were independent risk factors of swallowing disorder in elderly with mild cognitive impairment;and the type of diet(common diet)was the protective factor.It is suggested that the prevalence of dysphagia in community-dwelling elderly with mild cognitive impairment is high,and necessary measures should be taken to intervene according to its risk factors.

关 键 词：吞咽障碍 认知障碍 老年人 影响因素 

分 类 号：R749.1[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]