黄河尾闾河道纵剖面调整对入海水沙的响应  

Adjustment of Longitudinal Profile Responding to Flow and Sediment of Tail Channel in Yellow River Estuary

作　　者：杜小康 王开荣[1] 窦身堂[1] 谢卫明 凡姚申 DU Xiaokang;WANG Kairong;DOU Shentang;XIE Weiming;FAN Yaoshen(Key Laboratory of Yellow River Sediment Research,MWR,Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China;State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院水利部黄河泥沙重点实验室,河南郑州450003 [2]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海200062

出　　处：《人民黄河》2022年第1期37-41,51,共6页Yellow River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0405500);黄河水利科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(HKY-JBYW-2019-03)。

摘　　要：为更全面地认识黄河尾闾河道形态的调整规律,基于1977—2017年利津水文站实测水沙资料以及典型断面资料,探讨黄河尾闾河道河床纵剖面形态在不同时期的变化过程,建立河床纵剖面凹度、纵比降与水沙条件的相关关系。研究表明:现行流路尾闾河道纵剖面主槽平均高程整体表现出先上升后降低的特征;纵剖面凹度在清8改汊前后,均表现出先增大后减小的特征,整体为“下凹”型;河道纵比降在流路改道(汊)后达到最大,在流路运用结束之前逐渐减小;尾闾河道纵剖面调整过程伴随着沿程、溯源的冲淤过程,与流路发展阶段和入海水沙过程密切相关,其中纵剖面凹度与汛期来沙系数有较密切的负相关关系;河道纵比降在不同时期对水沙条件表现出不同的响应规律,即当溯源淤积起主导作用时河道纵比降与汛期来沙系数有较好的负相关关系,当水流的挟沙能力起主导作用时则有明显的正相关关系。In order to comprehensively understand the adjustment law of the channel shape of the tail channel in the Yellow River estuary,the water⁃sediment data and typical cross section data at Lijin Station from 1977 to 2017 were used to discuss the changing process of the lon⁃gitudinal section shape of tail channel in the Yellow River estuary in different periods.Longitudinal concavity and slope were chose to repre⁃sent the longitudinal profile and established the correlation between longitudinal profile of the river bed and the water⁃sediment conditions.The results show that a)the average elevation of main channel at the end of the current flow path is first increasing and then decreasing;b)the concavity of longitudinal profile is first increasing and then decreasing before and after the time of Qing 8 River mouth transfer,which is of“down concave”type;c)the longitudinal slope reaches to the maximum after transferring and then is decreased gradually;d)the lon⁃gitudinal profile adjustment process is accompanied by the scouring and deposition process along the downward and upward,which is closely related to the development stage of the flow path and the process of flow⁃sediment entering the sea.There is a close negative correlation be⁃tween the longitudinal concavity and the sediment coefficient in flood season and;e)the longitudinal slope of riverbed presents different re⁃sponse characteristics to water⁃sediment conditions in different periods,i.e.when the upward deposition plays a leading role,there is a re⁃markable negative correlation between the longitudinal gradient of riverbed and the coefficient of sediment in flood season and when the sedi⁃ment carrying capacity plays a leading role,there is a significant positive correlation.

关 键 词：纵剖面 纵比降 凹度 来沙系数 尾闾河道 黄河口 

分 类 号：TV856[水利工程—水利水电工程] TV882.1