条件句的语义排歧与假设性思考的量化机制——五论从形式蕴涵看“实质蕴涵怪论”  

The Semantic Disambiguation of Conditionals and the Quantification Mechanism of Hypothetical Thinking:The Fifth Discussion on“Material Implication Paradox”from the Perspective of Formal Implication

作　　者：张建军[1] 张顺[1] ZHANG Jian-jun;ZHANG Shun(Department of Philosophy/Institute of Modern Logic and Application,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学哲学系/现代逻辑与逻辑应用研究所,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《湖南科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第6期52-62,共11页Journal of Hunan University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(18ZDA031);国家社科基金重大项目(17ZDA024)。

摘　　要：能够使用条件句做假设性思考,是人类理性思维的一种重要特征。自然语言条件句的语义排歧,需要在区分条件句与条件命题、命题与命题函数的基础上,更多地关注使用受限量化域的特殊形式蕴涵。在珀尔因果模型论的基础上对共伴式和干预式假设性思考的研究,使得假设性思考中基于形式蕴涵的量化机制得以清晰呈现。通过对量化机制的把握解决"实质蕴涵怪论"问题造成的假设性思考疑难,消除因果模型论的"反经典外貌",维护实质蕴涵理论的基础性和普适性,经典逻辑在人类智能和人工智能研究中的基础功能和作用可得到进一步开掘。It is an important feature of human rational thinking that we can use conditional sentences for hypothetical thinking.When disambiguating the semantic content of conditional sentences in natural language,we must distinguish between conditional sentences and conditional propositions,propositions and propositional functions.On this foundation,more attention shall be paid to the special form implication with the restricted quantification domain.The study of the covariance and interventionist hypothetical thinking based on Pearl’s causal model theory can clearly present the quantification mechanism grounded on formal implication in hypothetical thinking.With the grasp of this quantification mechanism,the hypothetical thinking problems caused by the trouble of“material implication paradox”are solved,the“anti-classical appearance”of causal model theory is eliminated,and the basic and universal nature of the material implication theory is maintained.Thus,the basic functions and roles of classical logic in the study of human intelligence and artificial intelligence can be further excavated.

关 键 词：假设性思考 条件句 实质蕴涵怪论 形式蕴涵 量化机制 

分 类 号：B819[哲学宗教—逻辑学]