儒学的医疗与医疗的儒学——儒学生命教化论的一个新维度  

Confucian Medicine and Confucianism in Medical Treatment:a New Dimension of Confucian Life Enlightenment

作　　者：程旺 Cheng Wang

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学马克思主义学院,北京100029

出　　处：《社会科学战线》2021年第12期10-17,281,共9页Social Science Front

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(14ZDB003);国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(19FZXB051);北京中医药大学马克思主义学院学科建设专项(2021-XKZX-01)。

摘　　要：儒学与医疗关涉的理论维度十分丰富。儒学医疗之维,可以丰富对"医疗"理论面相的多元理解及相关疗治方案的选择途径,同时也有助于扩充儒学修身理论的应有内涵。孔子注重通过道德养生和礼仪培护来实现对身体和内心秩序的束导、调节和提升,揭示出儒学对身体疗治的独特光谱。中医学强调"正气存内,邪不可干"作为身体康健和养护的理论总则,孟子所谓"浩然正气"则凸显出"正气"应有的另一理论向度。儒学教化促进实现身心一体的形式及内涵,其思想缘由亦可从儒学内具的疗愈意义上获得理解,抑或说儒学本身就是一味药。心学一脉就善于将自身理论用以救治人心称为"因病发药",用心学思想治疗心病、解除痛苦,说明儒学在疗治疾病上的效验和作用。从儒学与中医学互为观照的历史传统看,儒学和中医学都主张身心一体,且都未忽略身心、内外之间的交关、交互影响,二者都是生命的学问、教化的学问,都指向生命的教化,儒与医之间可以相得益彰、互为启益,将两个视域结合起来,生命的教化可以更有厚度。The theoretical dimension of the relationship between Confucianism and medical treatment is rich,in that the former not only enriches the multiple understanding of the theoretical aspects of"medical treatment"and the selection of relevant treatments,but also helps to expand the Confucian self-cultivation theory.Confucius paid much attention to the guidance,adjustment and promotion of the body and its inner order through moral health preservation and etiquette training.This uniqueness of body treatment matches the emphasis of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)that"when healthy qi exists in the body evil has no way"as the general theoretical principle of physical health and maintenance.Confucian promotion of integrating body and mind can be understood that Confucianism itself is a medicine.Using its own theory to treat heart diseases and relieve pain,or"using medicine due to disease",shows the effectiveness and role of Confucianism in treating diseases.From the perspective of the historical tradition of mutual reflection between Confucianism and TCM,both advocate the integration of body and mind;Both are the life knowledge and life enlightenment.Confucianism and medical treatment can complement each other and benefit from each other,which enhances the significance of the life enlightenment.

关 键 词：儒学 中医学 儒医 哲学治疗 生命教化 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]