人车碰撞中行人的应急姿态对行人的损伤影响  

Influence of pedestrian’s emergency posture on pedestrian injury in vehicle-pedestrian collision

作　　者：张道文 刘奇 邱健斌 廖文俊 母尧尧 金思雨 ZHANG Daowen;LIU Qi;QIU Jianbing;LIAO Wenjun;MU Yaoyao;JIN Siyu(School of Automobile and Transportation,Xihua University,Chengdu 610039,China;Key Laboratory of Vehicle Measurement Control and Safety of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610039,China;Sichuan Xihua Traffic Forensic Appraisal Center,Chengdu 610039,China)

机构地区：[1]西华大学汽车与交通学院,成都610039 [2]汽车测控与安全四川省重点实验室,成都610039 [3]四川西华交通司法鉴定中心,成都610039

出　　处：《汽车安全与节能学报》2021年第4期456-466,共11页Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy

基　　金：四川省省重点实验室开放课题项目(QCCK2021-011);成都市科技惠民项目(2015-HM01-00369-SF);西华大学研究生创新基金资助(yejj2020127)。

摘　　要：为研究行人应急姿态在车辆与行人正面碰撞时对其头部、胸部、下肢损伤的影响,利用PCCrash软件建立行人与车辆正面碰撞的多刚体模型,根据国家车辆事故深度调查体系(NAIS)中的真实事故案例,进行事故再现和模型验证。在此基础上进行仿真实验,研究车辆在不同碰撞车速、转向角度碰撞时,行人采取不同应急姿态、动作幅度对行人碰撞损伤的影响,利用加权值评价各姿态下行人的综合损伤。结果表明:车速高于50 km/h的碰撞对行人造成较大损伤;下蹲角度达到30°时头部损伤有所降低,超过50°时行人有碾压风险;侧倾与跳跃姿态,造成头部及胸部损伤较为严重,是比较危险的姿态;跳跃0.5 m时头部损伤最严重;车辆有应急转向时,行人下蹲、跳跃对应胸部损伤较大,头部损伤则相反。A multi-rigid body model of frontal collision between pedestrians and vehicles was established by PC-Crash software to investigate the influence of pedestrian emergency posture on head,chest and lower limb injuries in frontal collision between vehicles and pedestrians.The accident reconstruction and model verification were carried out according to the real accident cases in the National Automobile Accident In-Depth Investigation System(NAIS).The simulation experiments were carried out to study the influence of different emergency postures and action amplitudes on pedestrian collision damage when vehicles collide at different speeds and steering angles.The weighted value was used to evaluate the comprehensive damage of pedestrians under different postures.The results show that the collision with vehicle speed higher than 50 km/h causes great damage to pedestrians.When the squat angle reaches 30°,the head injury decreases,and when the squat angle exceeds 50°,the pedestrian has the rolling risk.The tilt and jump postures are relatively dangerous postures leading to severe head and chest injuries.Head injury is the most serious when jumping height is 0.5 m.When the vehicle has emergency steering,pedestrian squatting and jumping cause greater chest injury,while head injury is the opposite.

关 键 词：交通安全 人车碰撞 行人损伤 应急姿态 

分 类 号：X951[环境科学与工程—安全科学]