避雨栽培对葡萄生长微环境与果实可溶性固形物含量的影响  

Effect of Rain-shelter Cultivation on Grapevine Canopy Microclimate and Soluble Solid Content of Grape

作　　者：孙恩虹 张凯 韩旭 武强 叶坤 张建平 SUN Enhong;ZHANG Kai;HAN Xu;WU Qiang;YE Kun;ZHANG Jianping(Jiangjin Modern Agrometeorology Experimental Station,Chongqing 402260,China;Jiangjin Meteorological Bureau,Chongqing 402260,China;Chongqing Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Chongqing 401147,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市江津现代农业气象试验站,重庆402260 [2]重庆市江津区气象局,重庆402260 [3]重庆市气象科学研究所,重庆401147

出　　处：《农学学报》2021年第12期80-86,共7页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划课题“气候变暖背景下我国南方旱涝灾害对水资源与农业的影响”(2013CB430205)。

摘　　要：在以重庆为代表的夏季高温高湿地区,研究避雨栽培对葡萄关键生育期的生长微环境及果实可溶性固形物含量的影响,以期为科学布局葡萄产业发展、合理制定果园管理措施、增强其生产能力提供理论依据。试验监测了2016—2017年葡萄果实成熟期的温度、湿度、日照等气象因子及葡萄可溶性固形物含量。结果表明,与露地栽培相比,避雨栽培可提供更适宜的湿度环境,葡萄叶片湿度为256~275。避雨栽培的最高温度28℃(雨天)~38℃(晴天)远低于露地栽培最高温度32℃(雨天)~42℃(晴天)。避雨栽培的光照强度显著低于露地栽培,避雨棚遮光率26.5%~37.8%。避雨栽培下,‘夏黑’、‘红富士’、‘维多利亚’、‘户太八号’等4个葡萄品种的可溶性固形物含量均高于露地栽培。避雨栽培可以减少湿度大幅变化,以及高温、强光所带来的不利影响,更有利于葡萄可溶性固形物的形成和积累,适合重庆等夏季高温多雨地区葡萄产业发展。Taking Chongqing as the study area in consideration of its hot and humid climate in summer, the study aims to clarify the influence of rain-shelter cultivation on grapevine canopy microclimate and soluble solid content of grape, and provide a theoretical basis for the scientific layout, sustainable management and production capacity enhancement of grape industry. The climate factors were monitored continuously from 2016 to 2017, such as wetness, temperature, and light intensive. Grape soluble solid content was also measured in rain-shelter cultivation and outdoor cultivation during grape maturity. The results showed that the rain-shelter cultivation could provide a more suitable humidity environment for grape compared with the outdoor cultivation. The humidity of grape leaves ranged from 256 to 275. The highest temperature of grape leaves was 28℃(rainy day)-38℃(sunny day) in rain-shelter cultivation less than 32℃(rainy day)-42℃(sunny day) in outdoor cultivation. Light intensive in the rain-shelter cultivation was significantly less than that in outdoor cultivation. The shading rate was 26.5%-37.8%.’Xiahei’,’Red Fuji’,’Victoria’and’Hutaibahao’had higher soluble solid content in rain-shelter cultivation than in outdoor cultivation. The main climate factors of rain-shelter cultivation, such as humidity, temperature and light intensity, were better for the formation and accumulation of soluble solid in grape. The rain-shelter cultivation was more suitable for the development of grape industry in Chongqing and similar areas with high temperature and more rain in summer.

关 键 词：葡萄 避雨栽培 微环境 可溶性固形物 气象因子 

分 类 号：S162.54[农业科学—农业气象学]