m^(6)A在神经系统发育及功能中的研究进展  

Research progress of m^(6)A in the development and function of nervous system

作　　者：李丹丹 王文卓 赵晓荣 牛勃[1,2] LI Dandan;WANG Wenzhuo;ZHAO Xiaorong;NIU Bo(Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,Shanxi Medical Univesity,Taiyuan 030001,China;Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics,Capital Institute of Pediatrics,Beijing 100020,China)

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学生物化学与分子生物学教研室,太原030001 [2]首都儿科研究所北京市儿童发育与营养组学重点实验室,北京100020

出　　处：《生命的化学》2021年第11期2476-2481,共6页Chemistry of Life

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金项目(7182025)。

摘　　要：表观遗传机制在调节神经系统的基因表达方面有重要作用。表位转录组学是新兴的一种调控RNA的化学修饰,研究发现,转录后RNA修饰在塑造和调节神经系统结构和功能中同样重要。RNA腺苷的第6位N上的甲基化,称为N^(6)-甲基腺苷(N^(6)-methyladenosine,m^(6)A),它不仅是目前已知的最常见的RNA甲基化修饰类型,也是真核信使RNA上最丰富的内部修饰,能够调节RNA功能的各个方面,包括剪接、稳定性、定位和翻译,通过调节基因表达在胚胎发育、性别决定等方面起作用,鉴于其在哺乳动物脑组织中的富集和动态调节,本文回顾了m^(6)A修饰的生物学基础,并从胚胎和成人大脑发育、轴突导向和损伤修复及小脑发育几个方面综述了m^(6)A修饰在神经系统发育和功能中的研究进展。Epigenetic mechanism plays an important role in regulating gene expression in nervous system.Epitope transcriptome is a new chemical modification that regulates RNA.Studies have found that posttranscriptional RNA modification is also important in shaping and regulating the structure and function of the nervous system.The methylation of the adenosine base at the N^(6) position,called N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A),is not only the most common type of RNA methylation modification known by now,but also the most abundant internal modification on eukaryotic RNA.It can regulate all aspects of RNA function,including splicing,stability,localization and translation,and plays a role in embryonic development and sex determination by regulating gene expression.In view of its enrichment and dynamic regulation in mammalian brain tissue,the biological basis of m^(6)A modification is reviewed in this paper.The research progress of m^(6)A modification in nervous system development and function is reviewed from the aspects of embryonic and adult brain development,axon orientation and injury repair and cerebellum development.

关 键 词：N^(6)-甲基腺苷 甲基转移酶 去甲基化酶 结合蛋白 神经系统 

分 类 号：R741[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]