中华人民共和国成立初期国际中文教育起点研究  

Research on the Starting Point of Chinese International Education in the Early Days of the People’s Republic of China

作　　者：刘元满[1] 邵明明 LIU Yuanman;SHAO Mingming

机构地区：[1]北京大学对外汉语教育学院 [2]首都师范大学国际文化学院

出　　处：《湖北民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第1期151-159,共9页Journal of Hubei Minzu University：Philosophy and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“汉语作为外语在美国发展的综合研究”(15BYY025);国家社会科学基金重大项目“面向全球孔子学院的中国概况教学创新研究及其数字课程建设”(18ZDA339)子项目“孔子学院中国概况教学大纲的创新研制”。

摘　　要：中华人民共和国成立之前,国际中文教育零散存在,未成规模。中华人民共和国成立后,国际中文教育事业初创,面对汉语师资紧缺、教学模式待建、教材几乎空白等问题,开创者们语音方面采用了威妥玛拼音,师资培养、教学模式、教学法借鉴了美国陆军特训班,教材使用方面也从改编特训班所使用的赵元任《国语入门》教材开始。为了适应新的国际环境和教学目标,教学模式从模仿到改进,教材建设从改编到创新。受苏联语言学影响,词汇教学和语法教学成为教学中心,一步步建起了中国的国际中文教育根基,学科建设也随之萌芽。Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,international Chinese language education was sporadic and undersized.It was only after the founding of the People’s Republic of China that the international Chinese language education really began.Facing a series of problems,such as the shortage of Chinese teachers,the need to construct teaching models,and the lack of teching materials,ec.,the pioneers adopted Wade-Giles romanization for pronunciation,adapted teacher training method,teaching model and teaching method from Army Specialized Training Program,and modified the textbooks based on Mandarin Primer which was compiled by Yuen Ren Chao.In order to be accustomed to the new international environment and teaching objectives,the teaching model of Chinese language education has changed from imitation to improvement,whilst textbook construction has changed from adaptation to innovation.Under the influence of Soviet linguistics,vocabulary and grammar teaching became the focus of teaching.Step by step,the foundation of international Chinese language education has been built,and the discipline construction has also been under way.

关 键 词：国际中文教育 留学生教育 语文专修班 ASTP 邓懿 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语] K27[历史地理—历史学]