中国邮轮产业有形之手:政策创新与产业演化  

Cruise Industry in China:Policy Innovation and Industry Evolution

作　　者：孙晓东[1] 林冰洁 SUN Xiaodong;LIN Bingjie(School of Business Administration,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;School of Culture and Tourism,Jiaxing Vocational and Technical College,Jiaxing 314036,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学工商管理学院,上海200241 [2]嘉兴职业技术学院文化与旅游学院,浙江嘉兴314036

出　　处：《旅游科学》2021年第6期67-91,共25页Tourism Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“邮轮航线规划的影响因素、资源配置与优化策略研究”(71572057);上海市艺术科学规划项目“文旅融合背景下上海邮轮旅游岸上资源整合与产品规划研究”(YB2021G04);上海市浦江人才计划项目“邮轮航线规划的指标体系、满意度测评与优化策略研究”(17PJC033)。

摘　　要：1976年中国(大连)首次接待国际邮轮。2006年中国(上海)首开母港邮轮航线,拉开了我国邮轮产业发展的序幕。改革开放40年之后,中国已经发展成为全球第二大邮轮客源市场,并在产业链拓展方面取得了重要进展。中国邮轮产业快速发展离不开政策这只“有形之手”的推动作用。目前我国邮轮产业正处于转型攻坚与优化调整期,深刻理解产业要素、政策体系及运作机制对于指导政策制定与产业升级、保障邮轮产业健康发展与持续繁荣具有重要意义。本文以2006年至2018年发布的135项邮轮产业政策为研究对象,采用文本分析、词频分析等方法对邮轮产业政策发布年度、政策文本形式、政策发布主体和政策文本主题等进行了分析;在全面分析邮轮产业发展历程及关键事件的基础上,深入探讨了政策创新与产业演化之间的关系;进而采用扎根理论构建了邮轮产业政策制定机制的理论框架。研究发现,邮轮港口规划与建设、邮轮旅游与产品优化、邮轮产业链拓展与延伸、运行管理系统构建、宏观与辅助支持系统配置是邮轮产业政策制定中的五大关键要素。最后,针对未来邮轮产业发展方向,提出了政策制定的基本方向,以满足产业优化升级之需要。China(Dalian)called in the first international cruise ship in 1976,and in 2006,China(Shanghai)received the first cruise line offering homeporting cruise itinerary from Shanghai,which marks the beginning of rapid development of the Chinese cruise industry.After 40 years of reform and opening-up,China has become the second largest cruise market in the world with great achievements in optimizing and expanding the whole cruise industry chain,including cruise line operations and cruise ship manufactures.Its rapid development is inseparable from the support of policies both at the national and local levels.Currently,cruise industry in China chalenging a periodic adjustment phase and an understanding policy-making systems,the industry elements,and relevant operational mechanism,is a key to innovate cruise policies to develop a sustainable cruise industry in China.This paper took 135 cruise policy documents from 2006 to 2018 as samples,used the text analysis method,the word frequency analysis and the grounded theory to probe the policy characters.First,all policy texts are included in the quantitative analysis from four dimensions(promulgation time,policy forms,policy-making agencies and policy theme).Then,the relationship between the policy innovation and cruise industry evolution is explored based on a systematic analysis on development process and relevant key events in each phase of the Chinese cruise industry.Finally,this paper mainly adopts the grounded theory to analyze cruise policy tests,and identified the elements,the influential mechanism and policy-making framework of cruise industry by applying the grounded analysis on national cruise policies.The result shows that cruise port planning and construction,cruise tourism and product design,industry chain expansion and extension,administration management system construction and configuration of supplementary and supporting system are five core factors in policy-making and operation mechanism.Based on the findings,the authors proposed a series of policy-making dir

关 键 词：邮轮产业 邮轮旅游 邮轮政策 政策创新 扎根理论 

分 类 号：F552[经济管理—产业经济]