极端环境对高速动车组受电弓弓角放电电压影响的试验研究  

Experimental Study on Influence of Extreme Environments on Discharge Voltage of Pantograph Angle of High-speed EMU

作　　者：景所立 张作钦 杨林 赵立江 杨泽锋 JING Suoli;ZHANG Zuoqin;YANG Lin;ZHAO Lijiang;YANG Zefeng(CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266111,China;School of Electrical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611756,China)

机构地区：[1]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司,青岛266111 [2]西南交通大学电气工程学院,成都611756

出　　处：《铁道标准设计》2022年第1期145-150,共6页Railway Standard Design

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51807167)。

摘　　要：受极端气候条件的影响,高速动车组受电弓弓角易发生对车顶闪络、放电等现象,给列车安全运营造成巨大威胁,为给受电弓弓角选型及优化方案提供理论指导与依据,有必要对弓角在各环境条件下的放电影响因素及变化规律进行探究。通过搭建1∶1弓角放电模型并进行雨水、盐雾、污秽环境模拟,对比分析各类型弓角的耐受电压水平和放电过程。结果表明:工频电压条件下,盐雾、雨水、污秽环境中各类弓角的击穿电压均满足高于65 kV的要求,且3种环境对击穿电压降低的影响程度依次减弱;雷电冲击电压条件下,3种环境中各类弓角的击穿电压均不能满足高于185 kV的要求,且盐雾和污秽环境会使弓角击穿电压依次下降,而雨水环境有利于击穿电压的提升;弓角的材质和型号对其击穿电压也有一定的影响。弓角的选型及优化措施应从其外形尺寸、材质种类和安装高度3个方面进行综合考量。Affected by the extreme weather conditions,the pantograph angle of high-speed EMU is prone to flashover and discharge on the roof,which poses a great threat to the safe operation of the train.In order to provide theoretical guidance and basis for the selection and optimization of pantograph angle,it is necessary to explore the discharge influencing factors and variation rules of pantograph angle under various environmental conditions.In this paper,by building a 1∶1 pantograph angle discharge model and simulating the rain,salt spray and pollution environments,the withstand voltage level and discharge process of each type of pantograph angle are compared and analyzed.The results show that:under the condition of power frequency voltage,the breakdown voltage of all kinds of pantograph angles in salt fog,rain and pollution environments can meet the requirements of higher than 65 kV,and the influence of three kinds of environments on the reduction of breakdown voltage is weakened in turn;under the condition of lightning impulse voltage,the breakdown voltages of all kinds of pantograph angles in the three environments fail to meet the requirements of over 185 kV,and the salt fog and pollution environments will make the breakdown voltage of pantograph angle decrease in turn,while the rain is conducive to the increase of breakdown voltage;the material and type of pantograph angle also have a certain impact on its breakdown voltage.The selection and optimization measures of pantograph angle should be comprehensively considered from three aspects of its overall dimension,materialtype and installation height.

关 键 词：雨水环境 盐雾环境 污秽环境 受电弓弓角 击穿电压 放电过程 高速动车组 

分 类 号：U238[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] U266.2[机械工程—车辆工程]