古希腊文明视域下的“世界中心”:一项观念史考察  

“The Center of the World”from the Perspective of Ancient Greek Civilization:An Investigation on the History of a Concept

作　　者：白春晓 Bai Chunxiao

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《世界历史评论》2021年第4期111-130,292,293,共22页The World History Review

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门“绝学”和国别史等研究专项“希腊通史[从爱琴文明至今]”(项目编号:19VJX061);武汉大学人文社会科学青年学术团队研究项目“世界史视野下东西方的政治变迁与文化转型”(项目编号:413100046)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：古希腊人对于“世界中心”的看法经历了几次显著的改变。在荷马的《奥德赛》中,女仙卡鲁普索居住的俄古吉亚岛是“大海的肚脐”。公元前8世纪末,德尔斐成为希腊的宗教中心并逐渐被尊为“大地的肚脐”。公元前6世纪,在米利都兴起了知识革命,阿那克西曼德和赫卡泰乌斯对世界的认识有所改变,但仍认为德尔斐是世界中心。进入古典时代之后,希腊人对地理区域的了解进一步扩大,加之一系列帝国或霸权的兴起,雅典等几个新的政治中心出现,德尔斐的地位受到挑战。随着希腊政治形势的混乱和独立地位的丢失,希腊知识精英们逐渐将人居世界中心的关注转向了对宇宙中心的探索。作为希腊化时代最大的学术中心,亚历山大里亚深深吸引着他们。虽然德尔斐和雅典仍被尊崇,但希腊本土的吸引力和中心地位明显下降。In ancient Greece,the view on“the Center of the World”changed several times remarkably.In Homer’s Odyssey,the island of Ogygia,where Calypso lived,was the“navel of the sea”.In the late 8th century B.C.,Delphi became the religious center of Greece and was gradually regarded as“the navel of the earth”.In the 6th century B.C.,the intellectual revolution rose in Miletus.Anaximander and Hecataeus innovated their understanding of the world,however,they still considered that Delphi was the center of the world.In the Classical Age,while the Greeks further expanded their knowledge of geographical regions,a series of empires and hegemonies arose.Athens and some other new political centers,emerged during the period,and they challenged the status of Delphi.With the bad political situation and then the loss of their independence,Greek intellectual elites gradually turned their attention from the center of“oikoumenē”(human settlements)to the center of“kosmos”(the universe).As the largest academic center in the Hellenistic Age,Alexandria attracted them strongly.Although Delphi and Athens were still revered,the attraction and centrality of Greece had obviously declined.

关 键 词：古希腊 神话图景 宗教中心 政治中心 学术中心 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]