西伯利亚李斯特文卡遗址的大缺齿鼹化石  

Mogera robusta fossils from the Listvenka site,Siberia

作　　者：武仙竹[1,2] 陈育芝 Drozdov NI WU Xianzhu;CHEN Yuzhi;Drozdov NI(Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331;The Sino-Russian Institute of Scientific Archaeology,Chongqing 401331;Krasnoyarsk National Normal University,Krasnoyarsk 660099)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学,重庆401331 [2]中俄科技考古研究所,重庆401331 [3]俄罗斯西伯利亚联邦大学,克拉斯诺亚尔斯克660099

出　　处：《人类学学报》2021年第6期1032-1040,共9页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“小型哺乳动物考古技术的研究与实践”(17BKG004);重庆市研究生教育教学改革重点研究项目“考古学博士生培养模式改革的实践探索”(YJG192029)资助。

摘　　要：李斯特文卡(Лиственка)遗址位于俄罗斯西伯利亚叶尼塞河上游右岸的2级阶地,地理坐标为55°35′22″N,85°46′24″E。该遗址出土了丰富的细石器和骨器等文化遗存,是西伯利亚地区旧石器时代晚期重要文化遗址。遗址第7层距今时代约13.59-15.00 kaBP,从该层出土的哺乳动物化石中鉴定和研究了包括有3个个体的大缺齿鼹(Mogera robusta)化石材料。该批材料的发现,表明遗址古环境并不是以前人们认为的是处于冰缘森林-苔原和干草原-苔原环境,而应该是属于大陆性季风气候区,降水量比较充足且分布有泰加林和阔叶林组成的混交林地,具有软体动物、小哺乳动物、大哺乳动物等属种多样的良好生态环境。李斯特文卡遗址大缺齿鼹标本的研究,反映古人类在西伯利亚地区严寒而漫长的冬天里可能把捕捉大缺齿鼹作为重要的食物补充,为我们深入分析亚洲古人类文化交流、古人类体质进化及适应寒冷环境的生活方式等具有重要意义,对我们研究鼹科动物起源与演化等提供了重要研究素材。The Listvenka site is located in the Upper Yenisei,Siberia,Russia,on the right bank(the second terrace)of this largest river in the Arctic Ocean system.Its geographical coordinates measure 55°35′22″N,85°46′24″E.It is an important Upper Palaeolithic site in Siberia with numerous unearthed cultural remains including microlithic assemblages and bone artefacts.Layer 7 of the site dates back to ca.13.59-15.00 kaBP.There has identified 3 Mogera robusta individuals fossil material for study through MNI calculation.This discovery suggests its paleoenvironment was under continental monsoon climate with comparative abundant precipitation and distribution of woodland mixed with taiga forest and broad-leaf forest,rather than occupied by tundra–forest and cold tundra–steppe as that had presumed.It provided a good ecological environment and supported a diversity of fauna species,including mollusc,small mammal and large mammal.The study on Mogera robusta specimens of Listvenka site indicates the possibility for the hominin capturing large moles as an important food supplement during the harsh and long Siberian winter.It plays a vital role in the in-depth analysis of hominin cultural exchange,physical evolution and adaption to the cold environment in Asia.It provides significant research material for the study of the Talpidae family’s origin and evolution as well.

关 键 词：大缺齿鼹(Mogera robusta) 李斯特文卡遗址 动物考古 西伯利亚 

分 类 号：Q915.86[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]