黑龙江省马铃薯磷肥适宜用量研究  

Study on the Appropriate Amount of Phosphate Fertilizer on Potato in Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：刘双全[1] 姬景红[1] 郑雨[1] 刘颖[1] 刘卫平[2] 李志新[2] 张微[2] 赵雪 LIU Shuang-quan;JI Jing-hong;ZHENG Yu;LIU Ying;LIU Wei-ping;LI Zhi-xin;ZHANG Wei;ZHAO Xue(Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Plant Nutrition of Heilongjiang Province/Heilongjiang Fertilizer Engineering Research Center,Harbin 150086,China;Keshan Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar 161000,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所/黑龙江省土壤环境与植物营养重点实验室/黑龙江省肥料工程技术研究中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院克山分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161000

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2022年第1期20-23,共4页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省农业科学院“农业科技创新跨越工程”专项(HNK2019CX20);国家重点研发计划项目“粮食作物养分推荐方法与限量标准”(2016YFD0200101)。

摘　　要：为促进黑龙江省马铃薯生产中化肥减量增效,在黑龙江省马铃薯主产区克山县和赵光农场进行马铃薯磷肥用量定位试验,设置养分专家系统推荐施肥处理(NE),在NE处理的基础上,不施磷肥处理(NE-P)、减少磷肥50%处理(NE-50%P)、减少磷肥25%处理(NE-25%P)、增加磷肥25%处理(NE+25%P)和增加磷肥50%处理(NE+50%P),研究不同施磷量处理对马铃薯产量、养分回收率以及经济效益的影响。两年试验结果表明:优化施肥处理的磷肥回收率和农学效率均高于其他的磷肥处理,不同施磷量处理的磷肥回收率为5.5%~7.8%,NE处理的磷肥回收率最高,为7.8%。磷肥农学效率为13.4~48.9 kg·kg^(-1),NE处理的磷肥农学效率较高,为33.9 kg·kg^(-1)。本试验通过分析不同施磷量对产量和效益及磷回收率和农学效率的影响得出,在黑龙江省马铃薯主产区磷肥的适宜用量为87~92 kg·hm^(-2)。In order to study the appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer for potatoes in Heilongjiang Province,experiments were carried out to determine the amount of phosphate fertilizer for potatoes in Keshan county and Zhaoguang farm,the main potato producing areas in Heilongjiang Province.The nutrient expert system was set up to recommend fertilization treatment(NE).On the basis of NE treatment,no phosphate fertilizer was applied(NE-P),50%phosphate fertilizer was reduced(NE-50%P),25%phosphate fertilizer was reduced(NE-25%P),25%phosphate fertilizer was increased(NE+25%P),and 50%phosphate fertilizer was increased(NE+50%P),the aim was to study the effects of different phosphate treatments on potato yield,nutrient recovery and economic benefits.The results of two years′average showed that the phosphate recovery rate and agronomic efficiency of the optimized fertilizer treatment were higher than those of other phosphate treatments,the phosphate fertilizer recovery and agricultural efficiency of the optimized fertilization treatment were higher than those of other phosphate fertilizer treatments.The phosphate fertilizer recovery of different phosphate application rates ranged from 5.5%to 7.8%,and the phosphate fertilizer recovery of NE treatment was the highest,which was 7.8%.The agricultural efficiency of phosphate fertilizer was 13.4-48.9 kg·kg^(-1),and that agricultural efficiency of NE treatment was higher,which was 33.9 kg·kg^(-1).According to the preliminary results of this study,the appropriate phosphate fertilizer amount in the potato production areas of Heilongjiang Province is 87-92 kg·ha^(-1),based on the effects of different phosphate application rates on yield and efficiency,phosphate recovery rate and agronomic efficiency.

关 键 词：马铃薯 产量 肥料回收率 磷肥适宜用量 

分 类 号：S53[农业科学—作物学]